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Decrypting the effects of isovalent zirconium ions content on crystallographic phase formation, microstructure, dielectric, electrical, impedance, and modulus spectroscopic traits of (1 − y) [Bi3.25La0.75(Ti1−xZrx)3O12] + (y) [La0.70Sr0.30MnO3] composite ceramics

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Abstract

In this study, polycrystalline (1 − y) [Bi3.25La0.75(Ti1−xZrx)3O12] + (y) [La0.70Sr0.30MnO3] (where (x, y) = (0.00, 0.50)–(0.10, 0.50)) composite ceramics were developed via the solid-phase reaction technique to decrypt the impacts of Zr4+ content on crystal structure, morphological, densification, dielectric relaxation, ac conductivity, and impedance spectroscopic traits. The cell parameters and theoretical density were varied in a non-systematic manner with Zr4+ content, while the physical density and porosity obeyed a reverse trend. At 1100 °C, platelet grains were observed, while at 1200 °C, quasi-cubic grains were observed with clear borders, and grain size was reduced with Zr4+ content. The dielectric characteristics were elucidated using space charge polarization. The fitting of the dielectric permittivity utilizing a modified Debye function suggests that several ions were involved in the dielectric relaxation process. The enhancement and reduction in quality with Zr4+ content and frequency were attributed to the enhancement and reduction in the rate of carrier hopping, respectively. The conductivity spectra were fitted using two different laws, and all composite ceramics have a frequency exponent less than one, which confirmed the small polaron hopping. Nyquist diagrams demonstrated how bulk and grain borders contribute to conduction. The modulus data were fitted utilizing the modified Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts equation, and the stretching factor is less than one, which revealed more dipole–dipole interaction and non-Debye type relaxation. The composite ceramics exhibited a small relaxation time. Thus, we can conclude that the obtained results would be beneficial for multifunctional electronic devices.

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The data generated and/or interpreted throughout the present study are accessible from the corresponding author upon an appropriate appeal.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to extend their heartfelt appreciation to the Department of Physics, University of Dhaka for providing the essential chemicals required for the successful completion of this research project. Furthermore, the authors express their sincere gratitude to the Solid-State Physics Laboratory at the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) and the Center for Advanced Research in Sciences at the University of Dhaka in offering the necessary resources and infrastructure to conduct various measurements, ensuring the through and comprehensive analysis of the composite materials under investigation.

Funding

The authors received no specific funding for carrying out the present investigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    Sharifa Shanto Mahenur, Tanjina Nasreen Ahmed, Abdur Rahman & Md. D. Rahaman

  2. Department of Physics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh

    Abdur Rahman

  3. Department of Physics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5404, Bangladesh

    Tania Nusrat

  4. Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    A. K. M. Akther Hossain

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  1. Sharifa Shanto Mahenur
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  3. Abdur Rahman
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  5. A. K. M. Akther Hossain
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Contributions

SSM: Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, data curation, writing-original draft, Writing—review and editing. TNA: Validation, formal analysis, writing-review and editing. AR: Formal analysis, data curation, writing-review and editing. TN: Validation, formal analysis, writing-review and editing. AKMAH: Writing-review and editing. MDR: Conceptualization, Resources, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Md. D. Rahaman.

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Mahenur, S.S., Ahmed, T.N., Rahman, A. et al. Decrypting the effects of isovalent zirconium ions content on crystallographic phase formation, microstructure, dielectric, electrical, impedance, and modulus spectroscopic traits of (1 − y) [Bi3.25La0.75(Ti1−xZrx)3O12] + (y) [La0.70Sr0.30MnO3] composite ceramics. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 865 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12613-5

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