Abstract
Ni1−xZnxFe2O4/BaTiO3 (x = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7) magnetoelectric composite ceramics have been prepared by combining the coprecipitation and sol–gel methods, and their structural and multiferroic properties studied and compared. The results indicate that the synthesized composites present biphase and composite structure, with no evident impurities observed. The lattice of the Ni1−xZnxFe2O4 crystal structure is distorted owing to the incorporation of Zn2+ ions. The samples present irregular microstructure and abnormal grain growth, which can be attributed to the heterogeneous distribution of the ferroelectric and magnetic phases during preparation. The chemical composition of the larger grains is Ni1−xZnxFe2O4, while that of the smaller grains is proven to be BaTiO3. The dielectric constant of the ceramics first increases then decreases as the Zn2+ ion content is increased, which is related to the irregular microstructure of the ceramics. Both the frequency dependence of the dielectric loss and the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant present two relaxation peaks for all samples. The dielectric loss peaks are attributed to the slow polarization process, such as turning-direction and space-charge polarization, while the dielectric constant peaks can be ascribed to the ferroelectric phase transition of BaTiO3 and relaxation polarization of the composites. The abnormal magnetization behaviors can be induced by the A–B superexchange interaction caused by the addition of nonmagnetic Zn2+ ions.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
W. Eerenstein, N.D. Mathur, and J.F. Scott, Nature 442, 759 (2006).
N. Hur, S. Park, P.A. Sharma, J.S. Ahn, S. Guha, and S.W. Cheong, Nature 429, 392 (2004).
R.L. Gao, C.L. Fu, W. Cai, G. Chen, X.L. Deng, H.R. Zhang, J.R. Sun, and B.G. Shen, Sci. Rep. 6, 20330 (2016).
M.M. Saad, P. Baxter, R.M. Bowman, and J.F. Scott, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 16, L451 (2016).
R.L. Gao, Q.M. Zhang, Z.Y. Xu, Z.H. Wang, W. Cai, G. Chen, X.L. Deng, X.L. Cao, X.D. Luo, and C.L. Fu, Nanoscale 10, 11750 (2018).
G. Catalan and J.F. Scott, Adv. Mater. 21, 2463 (2009).
C.H. Yang, J. Seidel, S.Y. Kim, P.B. Rossen, P. Yu, M. Gajek, Y.H. Chu, L.W. Martin, M.B. Holcomb, Q. He, P. Maksymovych, N. Balke, S.V. Kalinin, A.P. Baddorf, S.R. Basu, M.L. Scullin, and R. Ramesh, Nat. Mater. 8, 485 (2009).
R.L. Gao, L. Bai, Z.Y. Xu, Q.M. Zhang, Z.H. Wang, W. Cai, G. Chen, X.L. Deng, and C.L. Fu, Adv. Electron. Mater. 4, 1800030 (2018).
C.A.F. Vaz, J. Hoffman, C.H. Ahn, and R. Ramesh, Adv. Mater. 22, 2900 (2010).
M. Lorenz, G. Wagner, V. Lazenka, P. Schwinkendorf, H. Modarresi, M.J. Van Bael, A. Vantomme, K. Temst, O. Oeckler, and M. Grundmann, Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 012905 (2015).
Y. Wang and G.J. Weng, J. Appl. Phys. 118, 174102 (2015).
T. Woldu, B. Raneesh, B.K. Hazra, S. Srinath, P. Saravanan, M.V.R. Reddy, and N. Kalarikkal, J Alloys Compd. 691, 644 (2017).
A.S. Kumar, C.S.C. Lekha, S. Vivek, K. Nandakumar, and S. Nair, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 418, 294 (2016).
R.L. Gao, Q.M. Zhang, Z.Y. Xu, Z.H. Wang, G. Chen, X.L. Deng, C.L. Fu, and W. Cai, Compos. B 166, 204 (2019).
S. Singh, N. Kumar, R. Bhargava, M. Sahni, K. Sung, and J.H. Jung, J. Alloys Compd. 587, 437 (2014).
M.A.E. Hiti, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 164, 187 (1996).
K.C. Verma, S. Singh, S.K. Tripathi, and R.K. Kotnala, J. Appl. Phys. 116, 124103 (2014).
J.C. Maxwell, Electricity and Magnetism (Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1973).
K.W. Wagner, Ann. Phys. 40, 817 (1913).
B. Sarkar, B. Dalal, V. Dev Ashok, and K. Chakrabarti, J. Appl. Phys. 115, 054421 (2014).
J. Hemberger, P. Lunkenheimer, R. Fichtl, H.A. Krug von Nidda, V. Tsurkan, and A. Loidl, Nature 434, 364 (2005).
K. Uchino and S. Nomura, Ferroelectrics 44, 55 (1982).
G. Sathishkumar, C. Venkataraju, and K. Sivakumar, Mater. Sci. Appl. 01, 19 (2010).
L.P. Curecheriu, M.T. Buscaglia, V. Buscaglia, L. Mitoseriu, P. Postolache, A. Ianculescu, and P.J. Nanni, J. Appl. Phys. 107, 104106 (2010).
M. Etier, C.S. Antoniak, S. Salamon, H. Trivedi, Y.L. Gao, A. Nazrabi, J. Landers, D. Gautam, M. Wintere, D. Schmitz, H. Wende, V.V. Shvartsmana, and D.C. Lupascua, Acta Mater. 90, 1 (2015).
R.L. Gao, Q.Z. Leng, Z.H. Wang, G. Chen, C.L. Fu, X.L. Deng, and W. Cai, Mater. Res. Express. 6, 026308 (2019).
J. Li, X.Y. Qiu, Y.Q. Lin, X.D. Liu, R.L. Gao, and A.R. Wang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 256, 6977 (2010).
S. Mukherjee, S. Pradip, A.K. Mishra, and D. Das, Appl. Phys. A 116, 389 (2014).
J.S. Jung, Y.K. Jung, E.M. Kim, S.H. Min, J.H. Jun, L.M. Malkinski, Y. Barnakov, L. Spinu, and K. Stokes, IEEE Trans. Magn. 41, 3403 (2005).
S. Chikazumi and S.H. Charap, Physics of Magnetism (Wiley, New York, 1964).
R. Bhargava, P.K. Sharma, A.K. Chawla, S. Kumar, R. Chandra, A.C. Pandey, and N. Kumar, Mater. Chem. Phys. 125, 664 (2011).
C.W. Nan, Phys. Rev. B 50, 6082 (1994).
R.C. Xu, Z.H. Wang, R.L. Gao, S.L. Zhang, Q.W. Zhang, Z.D. Li, C.Y. Li, G. Chen, X.L. Deng, W. Cai, and C.L. Fu, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29, 16226 (2018).
R.L. Gao, Z.H. Wang, G. Chen, X.L. Deng, W. Cai, and C.L. Fu, Ceram. Int. 44, S84 (2018).
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (Grants Nos. CSTC2018jcyjAX0416, CSTC2016jcyjA0349, and CSTC2016jcyjA0175), the Young Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission (Grant No. KJQN201801509), the Program for Innovation Teams of the University of Chongqing, China (Grant No. CXTDX201601032), the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Social Undertakings and Peoples Livelihood Guarantee of Chongqing (Grant No. CSTC2017shmsA0192), the Excellent Talent Project of the University of Chongqing (Grant No. 2017-35), the Leading Talents of Scientific and Technological Innovation in Chongqing (CSTCCXLJRC201919), the Program for Technical and Scientific Innovation Led by Academician of Chongqing, the Latter Foundation Project of the Chongqing University of Science and Technology (Grant No. CKHQZZ2008002), the Scientific and Technological Achievements Foundation Project of the Chongqing University of Science and Technology (Grant No. CKKJCG2016328), and the Postgraduate Technology Innovation Project of the Chongqing University of Science and Technology (Grant No. YKJCX1720205).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xue, Y., Xu, R., Wang, Z. et al. Effect of Magnetic Phase on Structural and Multiferroic Properties of Ni1−xZnxFe2O4/BaTiO3 Composite Ceramics. J. Electron. Mater. 48, 4806–4817 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07261-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07261-z