Zusammenfassung
Patella-Luxationen gehören zu den häufigsten Problemen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Meist ist die zugrunde liegende Ursache eine Dysplasie der Trochlea des Femurs. Andere Faktoren können die Instabilität jedoch deutlich verschlechtern. Dazu gehören Rotations- oder Achsfehlstellungen des Femurs und der Tibia, die Patella alta, Weichteilinsuffizienzen im Rahmen eines Syndroms oder eines elongierten medialen patello-femoralen Ligaments.
Erstluxation werden primär konservativ behandelt, außer ein osteochondraler Defekt ist ersichtlich. Rezidivierende Luxationen können operativ angegangen werden. Es stehen unterschiedliche Methoden zur Verfügung von Weichteileingriffen bis hin zu Techniken, welche am Knochen korrigieren. Habituelle und/oder permanente Patellaluxationen können selten durch eine einzige Methode stabilisiert werden. Hier empfiehlt es sich, verschiedene Operationsmethoden zu kombinieren. Langzeit-Resultate sind bei allen Techniken, inklusive der konservativen Therapie, selten. Ein erhöhtes Arthroserisiko ist im Verlauf wahrscheinlich.
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Camathias, C. (2022). Patella(sub)luxation. In: Engelhardt, M., Raschke, M. (eds) Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54673-0_132-1
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