Abstract
We describe a high efficient entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for multi-particle less-entangled nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) center and microtoroidal resonator system. In the ECP, we only require one pair of less-entangled state, two auxiliary N-V center in microcavities and some single photons. After the photon passing through the microcavity, by measuring the polarization of the photon, a maximally entangled W state can be obtained with some success probability. This ECP does not need to destroy the solid qubit, which makes it more feasible. Moreover, by resorting to more single photons, it can be repeated to reach a high success probability. These features make this ECP useful in current long-distance quantum communications.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Gisin N, Ribordy G, Tittel W, et al. Quantum cryptography. Rev Mod Phys, 2002, 74: 145–195
Ekert A K. Quantum cryptography based on Bells theorem. Phys Rev Lett, 1991, 67: 661–663
Deng F G, Long G L. Controlled order rearrangement encryption for quantum key distribution. Phys Rev A, 2003, 68: 042315
Li X H, Deng F G, Zhou H Y. Efficient quantum key distribution over a collective noise channel. Phys Rev A, 2008, 78: 022321
Yan T, Yan F L. Quantum key distribution using four-level particles. Chin Sci Bull, 2011, 56: 24–28
Bennett C H, Brassard G, Crepeau C, et al. Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels. Phys Rev Lett, 1993, 70: 1895–1899
Yan F L, Yan T. Probabilistic teleportation via a non-maximally entangled GHZ state. Chin Sci Bull, 2010, 55: 902–906
Deng F G, Li C Y, Li Y S, et al. Symmetric multiparty-controlled teleportation of an arbitrary two-particle entanglement. Phys Rev A, 2005, 72: 022338
Bennett C H, Wiesner S J. Communication via one- and two-particle operators on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states. Phys Rev Lett, 1992, 69: 2881–2884
Zhang J F, Xie J Y, Wang C A, et al. Implementation of a multiple round quantum dense coding using nuclear magnetic resonance. Sci China Ser G Phys Mech Astro, 2005, 48: 706–715
Li C Y, Li X H, Deng F G, et al. Complete multiple round quantum dense coding with quantum logical network. Chin Sci Bull, 2007, 52: 1162–1165
Hillery M, Bužek V, Berthiaume A. Quantum secret sharing. Phys Rev A, 1999, 59: 1829–1834
Karlsson A, Koashi M, Imoto N. Quantum entanglement for secret sharing and secret splitting. Phys Rev A, 1999, 59: 162–168
Xiao L, Long G L, Deng F G, et al. Efficient multiparty quantum-secretsharing schemes. Phys Rev A, 2004, 69: 052307
Cleve R, Gottesman D, Lo H K. How to share a quantum secret. Phys Rev Lett, 1999, 83: 648–651
Lance A M, Symul T, Bowen W P, et al. Tripartite quantum state sharing. Phys Rev Lett, 2004, 92: 177903
Deng F G, Li X H, Li C Y, et al. Multiparty quantum-state sharing of an arbitrary two-particle state with Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs. Phys Rev A, 2005, 72: 044301
Long G L, Liu X S. Theoretically efficient high-capacity quantum-keydistribution scheme. Phys Rev A, 2002, 65: 032302
Deng F G, Long G L, Liu X S. Two-step quantum direct communication protocol using the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair block. Phys Rev A, 2003, 68: 042317
Wang C, Deng F G, Li Y S, et al. Robustness of differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution against photon-number-splitting attack. Phys Rev A, 2005, 71: 042305
Gu B, Huang Y G, Fang X, et al. A two-step quantum secure direct communication protocol with hyperentanglement. Chin Phys B, 2011, 20: 100309
Li X H, Duan X J, Sheng Y B, et al. Faithful quantum entanglement sharing based on linear optics with additional qubits. Chin Phys B, 2009, 18: 3710–3713
Liu X S, Long G L, Tong D M, et al. General scheme for superdense coding between multiparties. Phys Rev A, 2002, 65: 022304
Deng F G, Long G L. Secure direct communication with a quantum one-time pad. Phys Rev A, 2004, 69: 052319
Long G L, Deng F G, Wang C, et al. Quantum secure direct communication and deterministic secure quantum communication. Front Phys China, 2007, 2: 251–272
Gu B, Li C Q, Xu F, et al. High-capacity three-party quantum secret sharing with superdense coding. Chin Phys B, 2009, 18: 4690–4694
Gu B, Li C Q, Chen Y L. Multiparty quantum secret conference based on quantum encryption with pure entangled states. Chin Phys B, 2009, 18: 2137–2142
Bennett C H, Brassard G, Popescu S, et al. Purification of noisy entanglement and faithful teleportation via noisy channels. Phys Rev Lett, 1996, 76: 722–725
Sheng Y B, Deng F G, Zhou H Y. Efficient polarization-entanglement purification based on parametric down-conversion sources with cross-Kerr nonlinearity. Phys Rev A, 2008, 77: 042308
Sheng Y B, Deng F G. Deterministic entanglement purification and complete nonlocal Bell-state analysis with hyperentanglement. Phys Rev A, 2010, 81: 032307
Sheng Y B, Deng F G. One-step deterministic polarizationentanglement purification using spatial entanglement. Phys Rev A, 2010, 82: 044305
Cao C, Wang C, He L Y, et al. Atomic entanglement purification and concentration using coherent state input-output process in low-Q cavity QED regime. Opt Express, 2013, 21: 4093–4105
Deng F G. Efficient multipartite entanglement purification with the entanglement link from a subspace. Phys Rev A, 2011, 84: 052312
Deng F G. One-step error correction for multipartite polarization entanglement. Phys Rev A, 2011, 83: 062316
Li X H. Deterministic polarization-entanglement purification using spatial entanglement. Phys Rev A, 2010, 82: 044304
Bennett C H, Bernstein H J, Popescu S, et al. Concentrating partial entanglement by local operations. Phys Rev A, 1996, 53: 2046–2052
Shi B S, Jiang Y K, Guo G C. Optimal entanglement purification via entanglement swapping. Phys Rev A, 2000, 62: 054301
Zhao Z, Pan JW, Zhan M S. Practical scheme for entanglement concentration. Phys Rev A, 2001, 64: 014301
Yamamoto T, Koashi M, Imoto N. Concentration and purification scheme for two partially entangled photon pairs. Phys Rev A, 2001, 64: 012304
Sheng Y B, Deng F G, Zhou H Y. Nonlocal entanglement concentration scheme for partially entangled multipartite systems with nonlinear optics. Phys Rev A, 2008, 77: 062325
Sheng Y B, Zhou L, Zhao S M, et al. Efficient single-photon-assisted entanglement concentration for partially entangled photon pairs. Phys Rev A, 2012, 85: 012307
Sheng Y B, Zhou L, Zhao S M. Efficient two-step entanglement concentration for arbitrary W states. Phys Rev A, 2012, 85: 044302
Du F F, Li T, Ren B C, et al. Single-photon-assisted entanglement concentration of a multi-photon system in a partially entangled Wstate with weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity. J Opt Soc Am B, 2012, 29: 1399–1405
Gu B. Single-photon-assisted entanglement concentration of partially entangled multiphoton W states with linear optics. J Opt Soc Am B, 2012, 7: 1685–1689
Gu B, Duan D H, Xiao S R. Multi-photon entanglement concentration protocol for partially entangled W states with projection measurement. Int J Theor Phys, 2012, 51: 2966–2973
Wang H F, Zhang S, Yeon K H. Linear-optics-based entanglement concentration of unknown partially entangled three photon W states. J Opt Soc Am B, 2010, 27: 2159–2164
Xiong W, Ye L. Schemes for entanglement concentration of two unknown partially entangled states with cross-Kerr nonlinearity. J Opt Soc Am B, 2011, 28: 2030–2037
Zhou L, Sheng Y B, Cheng W W, et al. Efficient entanglement concentration for arbitrary single-photon multimode Wstate. J Opt Soc Am B, 2013, 30: 71–78
Zhou L, Sheng Y B, Cheng W W, et al. Efficient entanglement concentration for arbitrary less-entangled NOON states. Quant Inf Process, 2013, 12: 1307–1320
Deng F G. Optimal nonlocal multipartite entanglement concentration based on projection measurements. Phys Rev A, 2012, 85: 022311
Sheng Y B, Deng F G, Zhou H Y. Single-photon entanglement concentration for long-distance quantum communication. Quant Inf Comput, 2010, 10: 272–281
Zhang C W. Entanglement concentration of individual photon pairs via linear optical logic. Quant Inf Comput, 2004, 4: 196–200
Zhou L, Sheng Y B, Zhao S M. Optimal entanglement concentration for three-photon W states with parity check measurement. Chin Phys B, 2013, 22: 020307
Wang C. Efficient entanglement concentration for partially entangled electrons using a quantum-dot and microcavity coupled system. Phys Rev A, 2012, 86: 012323
Sheng Y B, Zhou L, Wang L, et al. Efficient entanglement concentration for quantum dot and optical microcavities systems. Quant Inf Process, 2013, 12: 1885–1895
Sheng Y B, Deng F G, Zhou H Y. Efficient polarization entanglement concentration for electrons with charge detection. Phys Lett A, 2009, 373: 1823–1825
Zhou L. Efficient entanglement concentration for electron-spin W state with the charge detection. Quant Inf Process, 2013, 12: 2087–2101
Ren B C, Hua M, Li T, et al. Multipartite entanglement concentration of electron-spin states with CNOT gates. Chin Phys B, 2012, 21: 090303
Peng Z H, Zou J, Liu X J, et al. Atomic and photonic entanglement concentration via photonic Faraday. Phys Rev A, 2012, 86: 034305
Zhang L H, Yang M, Cao Z L. Entanglement concentration for unknown W class states. Physica A, 2007, 374: 611–616
Wang H F, Zhang S, Yeon K H. Linear optical scheme for entanglement concentration of two partially entangled three-photon W states. Eur Phys J D, 2010, 56: 271–275
Wang H F, Sun L L, Zhang S, et al. Scheme for entanglement concentration of unkonwn partially entangled three-atom Wstates in cavity QED. Quan Inf Process, 2012, 11: 431–441
Cao Z L, Yang M. Entanglement distillation for three particle W class states. J Phys B, 2003, 36: 4245–4253
Sheng Y B, Zhou L. Efficient W state entanglement concentration using quantum-dot and optical microcavities. J Opt Soc Am B, 2013, 30: 678–686
He L Y, Cao C, Wang C. Entanglement concentration for multi-particle partially entangled W state using nitrogen vacancy center and microtoroidal resonator system. Opt Commun, 2013, 298: 260–266
Gaebel T, Domhan M, Popa I, et al. Room-temperature coherent coupling of single spins in diamond. Nat Phys, 2006, 2: 408–413
Togan E, Chu Y, Trifonov A S, et al. Quantum entanglement between an optical photon and a solid-state spin qubit. Nature, 2010, 466: 730–734
Yang W L, Xu Z Y, Feng M, et al. Entanglement of separate nitrogenvacancy centers coupled to a whispering-gallery mode cavity. New J Phys, 2010, 12: 113039
Yang W L, Yin Z Q, Hu Y, et al. High-fidelity quantum memory using nitrogen-vacancy center ensemble for hybrid quantum computation. Phys Rev A, 2011, 84: 010301 (R)
Chen Q, Yang W L, Feng M, et al. Entangling separate nitrogenvacancy centers in a scalable fashion via coupling to microtoroidal resonators. Phys Rev A, 2011, 83: 054305
Li P B, Gao S Y, Li F L. Quantum-information transfer with nitrogenvacancy centers coupled to a whispering-gallery microresonator. Phys Rev A, 2011, 83: 054306
Jiang L, Hodges J S, Maze J R, et al. Repetitive readout of a single electron spin via quantum logic with nuclear spin ancillae. Science, 2009, 326: 267–272
Wang C, Zhang Y, Jin G S, et al. Efficient entanglement purification of separate nitrogen-vacancy centers via coupling to microtoroidal resonators. J Opt Soc Am B, 2012, 12: 3349–3354
Barclay P E, Fu K M, Santori C, et al. Chip-based microcavities coupled to nitrogen-vacancy centers in single crystal diamond. Appl Phys Lett, 2009, 95: 191115
Barclay P E, Santori C C, Fu K M, et al. Coherent interference effects in a nano-assembled diamond NV center cavity-QED system. Opt Express, 2009, 17: 8081–8097
Balasubramanian G, Neumann P, Twitchen D, et al. Ultralong spin coherence time in isotopically engineered diamond. Nat Mater, 2009, 8: 383–387
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Rights and permissions
This article is published under an open access license. Please check the 'Copyright Information' section either on this page or in the PDF for details of this license and what re-use is permitted. If your intended use exceeds what is permitted by the license or if you are unable to locate the licence and re-use information, please contact the Rights and Permissions team.
About this article
Cite this article
Sheng, Y., Liu, J., Zhao, S. et al. Multipartite entanglement concentration for nitrogen-vacancy center and microtoroidal resonator system. Chin. Sci. Bull. 58, 3507–3513 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-013-6019-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-013-6019-4