Abstract
The photosynthetic apparatus accomplishes two major functions in plants — solar energy conversion and protection of the plant from photodestruction. Its highly orchestrated formation includes coordinated biosynthesis of chlorophyll (Chl) and of its binding to matrix proteins. Light plays here the central role driving both metabolic and regulatory processes. The regulation is achieved via operation of sophisticated photoreceptor machinery with the phytochrome system as its main component. This review concentrates on Chl a biosynthesis and the role of phytochrome A (phyA) in this process. The mechanism of action of phyA and the specificity of its state in the plant has been described, in particular, the existence of two native types with different modes of action. This review touches upon the dependence of the effects of phyA on tissues and organs of the plant and its species, genetic modifications, and hormonal status.
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Abbreviations
- ALA:
-
δ-aminolevulinic acid
- ALAD:
-
ALA dehydratase
- BRs:
-
brassinosteroids
- Chl:
-
chlorophyll
- Chlide:
-
chlorophyllide
- CS:
-
chlorophyll synthase
- ERS:
-
endogenous regulation signals
- ET:
-
ethylene
- FHY1:
-
FHY3 and FHL, partner proteins of phytochrome A (far-red elongated hypocotyl 1 и
- 3:
-
FHY1-like)
- FR:
-
far red light
- FRc:
-
continuous FR
- FRp:
-
pulsed FR
- Glu TR:
-
Glu tRNA reductase
- HIR:
-
high irradiance responses
- JA:
-
jasmonic acid
- LFR:
-
low fluorescence responses
- MC:
-
Proto IX MME cyclase
- MgCh:
-
Mg-chelatase
- MgPPMT:
-
Mg-Proto IX methyltransferase
- Mg-Proto IX:
-
Mg-protoporphyrin IX
- Mg-Proto IX MME:
-
Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester
- NTE:
-
N-terminal extension
- PBG:
-
porphobilinogen
- Pchl:
-
protochlorophyll
- Pchlide:
-
protochlorophyllide
- phyA(B,C):
-
phytochrome A(B,C)
- phyA′ and phyA″:
-
native pools of phyA
- PIFs:
-
phytochrome-interacting factors
- PLB:
-
prolamellar bodies
- PORA(B,C):
-
protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase A(B,C)
- Proto IX:
-
protoporphyrin IX
- Pr and Pfr:
-
phytochrome forms absorbing red and far-red light respectively
- PSI(II):
-
photosystem I(II)
- R light:
-
red light
- RS:
-
retrograde signal
- VLFR:
-
very low fluorescence responses
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to our teacher Prof. F. F. Litvin for his constant interest in our research and support and to Profs. P. Galland, T. Lamparter, and M. Terry for their critical reading of the manuscript and valuable comments.
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Dedicated to Professor F. F. Litvin on the occasion of his 90th birthday
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Sineshchekov, V.A., Belyaeva, O.B. Regulation of Chlorophyll Biogenesis by Phytochrome A. Biochemistry Moscow 84, 491–508 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297919050043
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297919050043