Abstract
Heritage language research across contexts and areas of focus has intensified in the last two decades. Despite such an increase, families of mixed linguistic background are minimally represented in the literature. This is incompatible with the current global increase and social reality of this family type. The ethnolinguistic diversification of family composition worldwide calls for more targeted research with a growing demographic that grapples with an amplified complexity of issues. Therefore, the chapter provides a succinct overview of a selection of topics of fundamental importance, such as family language policy, an emerging area traditionally discussed only tangentially in related scholarship. It then describes the deployment of various family language policies and the relative effectiveness of implementing these communication arrangements. Moreover, the chapter highlights some of the ways in which the social, linguistic, and political circumstances of interlingual families may pose challenges related to policies and practices where various power relations – particularly gender – are implicated. It is shown that heritage language research with the children of parents who do not share a mother tongue has begun to establish key foundational knowledge regarding the factors that impact their linguistic lives but also reaffirms the recent call made by scholars about the need for further research around interlingual family language policy, socialization, and related issues. Finally, the chapter puts forward possible directions for future research and knowledge dissemination among key stakeholders.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bain, B., & Yu, A. (1980). Cognitive consequences of raising children bilingually: One parent-one language. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 34(4), 304–313.
Becker, A. (2013). Political ideology and heritage language development in a Chilean exile community: A multiple case study. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton.
Billings, M. L. (1990). Some factors affecting the bilingual development of bicultural children in Japan. AFW Journal, 93–108.
Blackledge, A., Creese, A., Baraç, T., Bhatt, A., Hamid, S., Wei, L., & Yağcioğlu, D. (2008). Contesting ‘language’ as ‘heritage’: Negotiation of identities in late modernity. Applied Linguistics, 29(4), 533–554.
Blum-Kulka, S. (2008). Language socialization and family dinnertime discourse. In P. A. Duff & N. H. Hornberger (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education. Vol. 8: Language socialization (2nd ed.). Philadelphia/Heidelberg: Springer.
Braun, A., & Cline, T. (2014). Language strategies for trilingual families: Parents’ perspectives. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Castonguay, C. (1982). Intermarriage and language shift in Canada, 1971 and 1976. The Canadian Journal of Sociology, 7(3), 263–277.
Clyne, M., & Kipp, S. (1997). Trends and changes in home language use and shift in Australia, 1986–1996. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 18, 451–473. doi:10.1080/01434639708666334.
Constable, N. (2005). Introduction: Cross-border marriages, gender mobility, and global hypergamy. In N. Constable (Ed.), Cross-border marriages. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Creese, A., & Blackledge, A. (2010). Translanguaging in the bilingual classroom: A pedagogy for learning and teaching? The Modern Language Journal, 94(1), 103–115.
Crippen, C., & Brew, L. (2013). Strategies of cultural adaption in intercultural parenting. Family Journal, 21(3), 263–271.
Curdt-Christiansen, X. (2009). Invisible and visible language planning: Ideological factors in the family language policy of Chinese immigrant families in Quebec. Language Policy, 8(4), 351–375. doi:10.1007/s10993-009-9146-7.
De Houwer, A. (2007). Parental language input patterns and children’s bilingual use. Applied Psycholinguistics, 28, 411–424.
del Carmen Salazar, M. (2008). English or nothing: The impact of rigid language policies on the inclusion of humanizing practices in a high school ESL program. Equity & Excellence in Education, 41(3), 341–356.
Döpke, S. (1992). One parent one language: An interactional approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
Döpke, S. (1998). Can the principle of ‘one person-one language’ be disregarded as unrealistically elitist? Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 21(1), 41–56.
Dumanig, F. P., David, M. K., & Shanmuganathan, T. (2013). Language choice and language policies in Filipino-Malaysian families in multilingual Malaysia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 34(6), 582–596.
Fogle, L. (2013). Parental ethnotheories and family language policy in transnational adoptive families. Language Policy, 12(1), 83–102. doi:10.1007/s10993-012-9261-8.
Fogle, L., & King, K. A. (2013). Child agency and language policy in transnational families. Issues in Applied Linguistics, 19, 1–25.
Garrett, P. B., & Baquedano-López, P. (2002). Language socialization: Reproduction and continuity, transformation and change. Annual Review of Anthropology, 31, 339–361.
Genesee, F., & Nicoladis, E. (1995). Language development in bilingual preschool children. In E. E. Garcia & B. McLaughlin (Eds.), Meeting the challenge of linguistic and cultural diversity in early childhood education. New York: Teachers College Press.
Gordon, D. (2008). Gendered second language socialization. In P. A. Duff & N. H. Hornberger (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education. Vol. 8: Language socialization (2nd ed.). Philadelphia/Heidelberg: Springer.
Guardado, M. (2002). Loss and maintenance of first language skills: Case studies of Hispanic families in Vancouver. Canadian Modern Language Review, 58(3), 341–363.
Guardado, M. (2008a). Language socialization in Canadian Hispanic communities: Ideologies and practices. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Guardado, M. (2008b). Language, identity and cultural awareness in Spanish-speaking families. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 40(3):171–181.
Guardado, M. (2009). Speaking Spanish like a Boy Scout: Language socialization, resistance and reproduction in a heritage language Scout troop. Canadian Modern Language Review, 66(1), 101–129.
Guardado, M. (2010). Heritage language development: Preserving a mythic past or envisioning the future of Canadian identity? Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 9(5), 329–346.
Guardado, M. (2011). Language and literacy socialization as resistance in Western Canada. In K. Potowski & J. Rothman (Eds.), Bilingual youth: Spanish in English-speaking societies. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Guardado, M. (2013). The metapragmatic regimentation of heritage language use in Hispanic Canadian caregiver-child interactions. International Multilingual Research Journal, 7(3), 230–247.
Guardado, M. (2017). Discourse, ideology and heritage language socialization: Micro and macro perspectives. New York/Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Harrison, B. (1990). Measures of mother tongue vitality for non-official languages in Canada (1986). Ottawa: Multiculturalism and Citizenship Canada.
He, A. W. (2008). Heritage language learning and socialization. In P. A. Duff & N. H. Hornberger (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education. Vol. 8: Language socialization (2nd ed.). Philadelphia/Heidelberg: Springer.
He, A. W. (2010). The heart of heritage: Sociocultural dimensions of heritage language learning. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 30, 66–82.
He, A. W. (2012). Heritage language socialization. In A. Duranti, E. Ochs, & B. B. Schieffelin (Eds.), The handbook of language socialization. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
Heller, M., & Levy, L. (1992). Mixed marriages: Life on the linguistic frontier. Multilingua, 11(1), 11–43.
Hoffmann, C. (1985). Language acquisition in two trilingual children. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 6(6), 479–495.
Hwang, J. (2005). Language learning practices in Korean/English intercultural families. Unpublished master’s graduating paper, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Jackson, L. (2007). Talking tactics: fathers’ language work in bilingual childrearing in intermarried families in Japan. In R. Lougnane, C. P. Williams, & J. Verhoeven (Eds.), In between wor(l)ds: Transformation and translation. Melbourne: University of Melbourne.
Jackson, L. (2009). Language, power and identity in bilingual childrearing. Crossroads, 3(2), 58–71.
Jedwab, J. (2014). The multiculturalism question: Debating identity in 21st century Canada. Kingston: School of Policy Studies.
Kasuya, H. (1998). Determinants of language choice in bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingualism, 2(3), 327–346.
King, K. A., & Fogle, L. (2006). Bilingual parenting as good parenting: Parents’ perspectives on family language policy for additive bilingualism. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 9(6), 695–712.
King, K. A., Fogle, L., & Logan-Terry, A. (2008). Family language policy. Language and Linguistics Compass, 2(5), 907–922. doi:10.1111/j.1749-818X.2008.00076.x.
Kopeliovich, S. (2010). Family language policy: A case study of a Russian-Hebrew bilingual family: Toward a theoretical framework. Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 4(3), 162–178. doi:10.1080/15595692.2010.490731.
Kouritzin, S. G. (2000). A mother’s tongue. TESOL Quarterly, 34(2), 311–323.
Lanza, E. (1992). Can bilingual two-year-olds code-switch? Journal of Child Language, 19, 633–658.
Lanza, E. (1997/2004). Language mixing in infant bilingualism: a sociolinguistic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lanza, E. (2001). Bilingual language acquisition. A discourse perspective on language contact in parent–child interaction. In J. Cenoz & F. Genesee (Eds.), Trends in bilingual acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Lanza, E. (2007). Multilingualism and the family. In P. Auer & L. Wei (Eds.), Handbook of multilingualism and multilingual communication. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Li, D., & Duff, P. A. (2008). Issues in Chinese heritage language education and research at the postsecondary level. In A. W. He & Y. Xiao (Eds.), Chinese as a heritage language: Fostering rooted world citizenry. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i/National Foreign Language Resource Center.
Liamputtong, P. (1991). Motherhood and the challenge of immigrant mothers: A personal reflection. Families in Society, 82(2), 195–201.
Luk, A. (1986). Mother tongue and national identity of children from mixed marriages in a bilingual setting. Grazer Linguistische Studien, 27, 103–112.
Lyon, J. (1996). Becoming bilingual: Language acquisition in a bilingual community. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
McGroarty, M. E. (2010). Language and ideologies. In N. H. Hornberger & S. L. McKay (Eds.), Sociolinguistics and language education. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Minami, S. (2013). Voices within the Canadian mosaic: Japanese immigrant women and their children’s heritage language socialization. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
Noro, H. (2009). The role of Japanese as a heritage language in constructing ethnic identity among Hapa Japanese Canadian children. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 30(1), 1–18. doi:10.1080/01434630802307874.
Ochs, E., & Schieffelin, B. B. (1995). The impact of language socialization on grammatical development. In P. Fletcher & B. MacWhinney (Eds.), The handbook of child language. Oxford: Blackwell.
Ochs, E., & Schieffelin, B. B. (2008). Language socialization: An historical overview. In P. A. Duff & N. H. Hornberger (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education. Vol. 8: Language socialization (2nd ed.). Philadelphia/Heidelberg: Springer.
Ochs, E., & Schieffelin, B. B. (2012). The theory of language socialization. In A. Duranti, E. Ochs, & B. B. Schieffelin (Eds.), The handbook of language socialization. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
Okita, T. (2002). Invisible work: Bilingualism, language choice, and childrearing in intermarried families. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Oriyama, K. (2010). Heritage language maintenance and Japanese identity formation: hat role can schooling and ethnic community contact play? Heritage Language Journal, 7(2), 76–111.
Pavlenko, A. (2001). Bilingualism, gender, and ideology. The International Journal of Bilingualism, 5(2), 117–151.
Pendakur, R. (1990). Speaking in tongues: Heritage language maintenance and transfer in Canada. Ottawa: Multiculturalism and Citizenship Canada.
Piller, I. (2001a). Linguistic intermarriage: Language choice and negotiation of identity. In A. Pavlenko, A. Blackledge, I. Piller, & M. Teutsch-Dwyer (Eds.), Multilingualism, second language learning, and gender. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Piller, I. (2001b). Private language planning: The best of both worlds? Estudios de Sociolingüística, 2(1), 61–80.
Piller, I., & Takahashi, K. (2006). A passion for English: Desire and the language market. In A. Pavlenko (Ed.), Bilingual minds: Emotional experience, expression and representation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Quay, S. (2012). Discourse practices of trilingual mothers: Effects on minority home language development in Japan. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 15(4), 435–453.
Ricento, T. (2005). Problems with the ‘language-as-resource’ discourse in the promotion of heritage languages in the U.S.A. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 9(3), 348–368.
Romaine, S. (1995). Bilingualism. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Ronjat, J. (1913). Le développement du langage observé chez un enfant bilingue. Paris: Champion.
Schwartz, M. (2008). Exploring the relationship between family language policy and heritage language knowledge among second generation Russian–Jewish immigrants in Israel. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 29(5), 400–418.
Shang, S. (1997). Raising bilingual/bicultural children in Kyushu: A survey. Research Bulletin of Kagoshima Women’s College, 18(2), 43–58.
Spolsky, B. (2009). Language management. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Statistics Canada. (2011a). 2011 census: Linguistic characteristics of Canadians [Internet]. [Updated 2015 Dec 22; cited 2016 Jun 30]. Available from: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/as-sa/98-314-x/98-314-x2011001-eng.cfm
Statistics Canada. (2011b). 2011 census: Mixed unions in Canada [Internet]. [Updated 2015 Dec 22; cited 2016 Jun 30]. Available from: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/99-010-x/99-010-x2011003_3-eng.cfm
Swidinsky, R., & Swidinsky, M. (1997). The determinants of heritage language continuity in Canada: Evidence from the 1981 and 1991 census. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 29(1), 81–99.
Takeuchi, M. (2006). The Japanese development of children through the “one parent-one language” approach in Melbourne. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 27(4), 319–331.
Tannen, D. (2003). Gender and family interactions. In J. Holmes & M. Meyerhoff (Eds.), Handbook of language and gender. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Thompson, L. (1991). Family work: Womens’ sense of fairness. Journal of Family Issues, 12, 181–196.
Tsushima, R., & Guardado, M. (2016). “Rules… I want someone to make them clear”: Japanese mothers in Montreal talk about multilingual parenting. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Wang, X.-L. (2008). Growing up with three languages: Birth to eleven. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Yamamoto, M. (2001). Language use in interlingual families: A Japanese-English sociolinguistic study. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Yu, S. (2014). The immediate effect of parental language choice on that of their children’s language in Chinese migrant families. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics, 12(1), 81–108.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Guardado, M. (2017). Heritage Language Development in Interlingual Families. In: Trifonas, P., Aravossitas, T. (eds) Handbook of Research and Practice in Heritage Language Education. Springer International Handbooks of Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38893-9_17-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38893-9_17-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-38893-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-38893-9
eBook Packages: Springer Reference EducationReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Education
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Heritage Language Development in Interlingual Families- Published:
- 31 January 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38893-9_17-2
-
Original
Heritage Language Development in Interlingual Families- Published:
- 21 December 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38893-9_17-1