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Alcohol and Cocaine Co-usage

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Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions

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Abstract

Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder, which creates challenges for its treatment. Chronic use of drugs of abuse can change the neurobiology and neurochemistry of brain circuits and underlies drug relapse during voluntary abstinence. The role of dopamine (DA) and glutamate in drug addiction has been extensively investigated, and interactions between these neurotransmitters are important for the development of drug use disorders and drug relapse. For the past two decades, the role of glial glutamate transporters has emerged as a key mechanism in drug dependence and relapse. This chapter focuses on the role of these mechanisms in two commonly abused drugs, ethanol and cocaine, that are often abused at the same time. Here, the effect of acute and chronic exposure to cocaine and ethanol on glutamatergic systems in different brain regions within the mesocorticolimbic pathway is considered. The ultimate goal of research into mechanisms of co-use of cocaine and ethanol is to consider how co-use amplifies the changes in this circuitry and complicates attempts to abstain from drug use. This research has the ultimate goal of identifying therapeutic targets that will be effective in preventing relapse in individuals suffering from concurrent alcohol and cocaine use disorders.

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Abbreviations

AMPA:

α-Amino-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate

Amy:

Amygdaloid complex

AUD:

Alcohol use disorder

CBHSQ:

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality

CDC:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CUD:

Cocaine use disorder

DA:

Dopamine

DAT:

Dopamine transporter

DMAN:

Drug Misuse Warning Network

DSt:

Dorsal striatum

EAAT:

Excitatory amino acid transporter

EMCDDA:

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

GLT/EAAT2:

Glutamate transporter

Hipp:

Hippocampus

iGluR:

Ionotropic glutamate receptors

IP:

Intraperitoneal

KO:

Knockout

LDT:

Laterodorsal tegmentum

mGluR:

Metabotropic glutamate receptors

mPFC:

Medial prefrontal cortex

NAc:

Nucleus accumbens

NMDA:

N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid

NSDUH:

National Survey on Drug Use and Health

PFC:

Prefrontal cortex

PPT:

Pedunculopontine tegmentum

Thal:

Thalamus

VGlut:

Vesicular glutamate transporter

VTA:

Ventral tegmental area

XCT/SLC7A11:

Cystine-glutamate antiporter

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

    Alaa M. Hammad

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy, Toledo, OH, USA

    Rinda D. Bachu, Dawn E. Muskiewicz, F. Scott Hall & Amit K. Tiwari

  3. Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE

    Amit K. Tiwari

  4. Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA

    Amit K. Tiwari

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  1. Alaa M. Hammad
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  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Dept of Nutrition & Dietetics, King's College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

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Hammad, A.M., Bachu, R.D., Muskiewicz, D.E., Hall, F.S., Tiwari, A.K. (2022). Alcohol and Cocaine Co-usage. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_152-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_152-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-67928-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-67928-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

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