Abstract
In this present investigation effect of adding surface treated pineapple and nano-silica into mahua seed oil (Madhuca longifolia) toughened epoxy bio composite material was studied. The prime objective of this present investigation was to produce high toughness commercial epoxy bio composite with natural blender, fibre and filler. The bio blender (mahua) of density 0.9 g/cm3 with 10 and 15 vol.%, pineapple natural fibre of density 1.4 g/cm3 with 30 vol.% and nano-silica particle of 20 nm with 0.5 and 1.0 vol.% were used as reinforcements. The pineapple fibre and nano-silica particles were surface treated using APTES (3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane) via aqueous solution method. Composites were made using hand lay-up method and evaluated for mechanical, thermal and wear in accordance with ASTM standards. The mechanical results showed that adding 30 vol.% of surface-treated pineapple fibre with 1.0 vol.% of nano-silica particle in mahua oil of 15 vol.%-epoxy bio blend gives maximum tensile, flexural and impact strength of 160 MPa, 225 MPa and 5.5 J. The TGA (Thermogravimetry analysis) and wear results explicated that adding 1.0 vol.% of nano-silica into mahua (15 vol.%)-epoxy bio blend offers highest stability and wear resistance. The SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) morphological images revealed reacted phase of pineapple fibre and nano-silica with mahua-epoxy blend. The fractograph images show striations on the failure direction, which revealed improved toughness of epoxy resin blend. These mechanically and thermally strengthened bio-composites could be used in structural, automobile and domestic applications.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Mohan TP, Kumar MR, Velmurugan R (2004) Thermal stability and damping characters of high performance epoxy layered silicate nanocomposites. Int Sym of Res Stu on Mater sci Eng 23:36–44
Hua Y, Linxia G, Premaraj S, Zhang X (2015) Role of interface in the mechanical behaviour of silica/epoxy resin nanocomposites. Materials 8(6):3519–3531. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8063519
Silva H, Ferreira JA, Costa JD, Capela C (2013) A study of mixed mode interlaminar fracture on nano clay enhanced epoxy/glass fiber composites. Ciencia & Tecnologia dos Materiais 25:92–97
Arun Prakash VR, Viswanathan R (2019) Fabrication and characterization of echinoidea spike particles and Kenaf natural fibre-reinforced Azadirachta-Indica blended epoxy multi-hybrid bio composite. Compos Part A-Appl S 118:317–326
Fernandes FC, Kirwan K, Wilson PR, Coles SR (2019) Sustainable alternative composites using waste vegetable oil based resins. J Polym Environ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-019-01534-8
Rad N, Karami Z, Jalai M, Kabiri (2019) Linseed oil-based reactive diluents preparation to improve tetra-functional epoxy resin properties. Polym Adv Technol. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.4680
Julyes Jaisingh S, Selvam V, Sureshchandra Kumar M, Thigarajan K (2014) Thermo- mechanical behaviour of unsaturated polyester toughened epoxy silane treated iron(III) oxide nano composite. Indian J Eng Mater Sci 16:241–245
Allahverdi A, Ehsani M, Janpour H, Ahmadi S (2012) The effect of nano-silica on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of epoxy coating. Prog Org Coat 75(4):543–548
Liang, Pearson RA (2010) The toughening mechanism in hybrid epoxy-silica-rubber nanocomposites. Polymer 51:4880–4890
Merizgui T, Hadjajdj A, Kious M, ArunPrakash VR, Gaoui B (2018) Effect of magnetic iron(III)oxide particle addition with MWCNTs in kenaf fibre-reinforced epoxy composite shielding material in ‘E’, ‘F’, ‘I’ and ‘J’ band microwave frequencies. Mater Res Express 6046102
Parthipan N, Illangumaran M, Maridurai T, Prasanna SC (2019) Effect of silane treated silicon (IV) oxide nanoparticle addition on mechanical, impact damage and drilling characteristics of Kenaf fibre-reinforced epoxy composite. Silicon. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-019-00138-0
Inbakumar P, Ramesh S (2018) Mechanical, wear and thermal behaviour of hemp fibre/egg shell particle reinforced epoxy resin bio-composite. Trans Can Soc Mech Eng 42:280–285
Arunprakash V, Ramesh G, Kumar SM (2018) Microwave shielding behaviour of surface treated MWCNT-epoxy composites in I & J Band-A Note. Colloid Interfac Sci Commun 24(2018):89–92
Hasselbruch H, Von Hehl A, Zoch HW (2015) Properties and failure behaviour of hybrid wire mesh/carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites under quasistatic tensile load. Mater Des 66:429–436
Savita D, Goel R, Dubey A, Shivhare PR, Bhalavi T (2017) Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composite Materials- A Review. Polym from Renuable res 8(2):121–129
Arul Murugan M, Jayaseelan V, Jayabalakrishnan D, Maridurai T, Selva Kumar S, Ramesh G, Arun Prakash VR (2019) Low velocity impact and mechanical behaviour of shot blasted SiC wire-mesh and silane-treated aloevera/hemp/flax reinforced SiC whisker modified epoxy resin composites. Silicon. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-019-00297-0
Arun Prakash VR, Rajadurai A, Mothilal T, Manoj Kumar S, Depoures MV, Jayabalakrishnan D (2019) Effect of silicon coupling grafted ferric oxide and e-glass fibre in thermal stability, wear and tensile fatigue behaviour of epoxy hybrid composite. Silicon. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-019-00347-7
Praksh VRA, Viswanathan R (2018) Microwave shielding behavior of silanized Cu and CuFe3O4 compound particles reinforced epoxy resin composite in E, F, I and J band frequencies. Polym Bull 75(9):4207–4225
Dinesh T, Kadirvel A, Arunprakash (2018) Effect of silane modified E-glass fibre/Iron (III) oxide reinforcements on UP blended epoxy resin hybrid composite. Silicon 10(3):1–12
Rahman M, Puneeth M, Aslam DA (2017) Impact properties of glass/Kevlar reinforced with nano clay epoxy composite. Compos B Eng 107:50–61
Ravandi MT, Tran L (2017) Low velocity impact performance of stitched flax/epoxy composite. Compos B Eng 117:120–121
Suneel KR, Bakare F (2015) Performance of bio composites from surface modified regenerated cellulose fibres and lactic acid thermoset bio resin. Cellulose 22:25072512
Ramesh C, Manickam C, Maridurai T, Prakash VRA (2017) Dry sliding wear characteristics of heat treated and surface modified hematite particles-epoxy particulate composite. Romanian Journal of Materials 47(3):401–405
Sahoo SK, Agarwal K (2010) Characterization of alpha and Beta Fe2O3 nano powders synthesized by emulsion precipitation-calcination route and rheological behaviour of Fe2O3. Int J Eng Sci Technol 2(8):118–126
Arun Prakash VR, Rajadurai A (2017) Inter laminar shear strength behaviour of acid, base and silane treated E-glass fibre epoxy resin composites on drilling process. Def Technol 13:40–46
Yadav TP, Yadav RM (2012) Mechanical milling a top down approach for the synthesis of nano-materials and nanocomposites. Nanosci Nanotechnol 2(3):22–48
Landowski, Strugala M (2017) Impact damage in SiO2 nanoparticles enhanced epoxy carbon fibre composites. Compos B Eng 113:91–99
Arunprakash VR, Rajadurai A (2016) Mechanical, thermal and dielectric characterization of iron(III)oxide reinforced epoxy hybrid composite. Dig J Nanomater Bios 11:373–380
Rao MM, Mohana Rao K Extraction and tensile properties of natural fibres: Vakka, date and bamboo. Compos Struct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.07.023
Manjunath CM (2010) The tensile fatigue behavior of a glass fiber reinforced plastic composite using a hybrid toughened epoxy matrix. J Compos Mater 156(4):60–67
Arun Prakash VR, Rajadurai A (2016) Thermo-mechanical characterization of silane treated Eglass fiber/Hematite particles reinforced epoxy resin hybrid composite. Appl Surf Sci 384:99–106
Jaya Vinse Ruban Y, Ginil Mon S, Vetha Roy D (2013) Mechanical and thermal studies of unsaturated polyester-toughened epoxy composites filled with amine-functionalized nano silica. Appl Nano Sci 3:7–12
Prakash VRA, Jaisingh J (2018) Mechanical strength behaviour of silane treated Eglass fibre/Al-6061&SS-304 wire mesh reinforced epoxy resin hybrid composite. Silicon 10:2279–2286
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interests
Authors hereby confirmed that there are no conflicts of interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dinesh, T., Kadirvel, A. & Hariharan, P. Thermo-Mechanical and Wear Behaviour of Surface-Treated Pineapple Woven Fibre and Nano-Silica Dispersed Mahua Oil Toughened Epoxy Composite. Silicon 12, 2911–2920 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00387-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00387-4