Abstract
Major earthquakes of last 15 years (e.g., Northridge 1994, Kobe 1995 and Chi-Chi 1999) have shown that many near-fault ground motions possess prominent acceleration pulses. Some of the prominent ground acceleration pulses are related to large ground velocity pulses, others are caused by mechanisms that are totally different from those causing the velocity pulses or fling steps. Various efforts to model acceleration pulses have been reported in the literature. In this paper, research results from a recent study of acceleration pulse prominent ground motions and an analysis of structural damage induced by acceleration pulses are summarized. The main results of the study include: (1) temporal characteristics of acceleration pulses; (2) ductility demand spectrum of simple acceleration pulses with respect to equivalent classes of dynamic systems and pulse characteristic parameters; and (3) estimation of fundamental period change under the excitation of strong acceleration pulses. By using the acceleration pulse induced linear acceleration spectrum and the ductility demand spectrum, a simple procedure has been developed to estimate the ductility demand and the fundamental period change of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure under the impact of a strong acceleration pulse.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Alavi B and Krawinkler H (2000), “Consideration of Near-fault Ground Motion Effects in Seismic Design,” Proc. 12th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, 2004.
Dai JW, Tong M, Lee GC, Qi X and Bai W (2004), “Dynamic Responses Under the Excitation of Pulse Sequences,” Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 3(2):157–169.
Dray J and Rodriguez-Marek A (2004), “Characterization of Forward-directivity Ground Motions in the Near-fault Region,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, (24): 815–828.
Hall John F, Heaton TH, Halling MW and Wald DJ (1995), “Near-source Ground Motion and Its Effects on Flexible Buildings,” Earthquake Spectra, 11(4): 569–605.
Lee GC, Tong M and Tao R (2000), “Temporal Characteristics of Chi-Chi Earthquake Ground Motion and Their Possible Implications on Structural Damages,” International Workshop on Annual Commemoration of Chi-Chi Earthquake, Taipei.
Makris N and Black C (2004), “Dimensional Analysis of Rigid-plastic and Elastoplastic Structures Under Pulsetype Excitations,” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 130(9): 1006–1018.
Mavroeidis GP, Dong G and Papageorgiou AS (2004), “Near-fault Ground Motions and the Response of Elastic and Inelastic Single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) Systems,” Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 33: 1023–1049.
Rzhevsky VA (1990), “Seismic Resistance of Structures Subjected to Strong Earthquake Motions,” Science, Tashkent, USSR, pp.258. (in Russian).
Rzhevsky VA and Lee GC (1999), “Seismic Response Analysis of Inelastic Non-stationary Structural Systems,” 15th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reaction Technology (SMiRT-15), Seoul, Korea, August 15–20, (ID: K4-A1-US).
Rzhevsky VA, Tsipenuk IF and Khakimov SA (1996), Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Seismic Regulations for Buildings and Other Structures, KMK 2.01.03-96, Construction Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, pp.65. (in Russian)
Recommended Provision of SNiP2.03-84 Part II Chapter B (1986) Construction Code and Regulations, Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures, Moscow, Gosstroy.
Somerville PG, Smith NF, Graves RW and Abrahamson NA (1997), “Modification of Empirical Strong Ground Motion Attenuation Relations to Include the Amplitude and Duration Effects of Rupture Directivity,” Seismological Research Letter, 68: 199–222.
Tong M and Lee GC (1999), “3D Temporal Characteristics of Earthquake Ground Motion at a Single Point”, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 125(10): 1099–1105.
Tong M, Lee GC and Xu Y (2006), “Seismic Responses of Highway Bridges Under Near-fault Acceleration Pulses Excitation,” Forth International Workshop on Seismic Design and Retrofit of Transportation Facilities, San Francisco, March 2006.
Tong M, Qi JC and Lee GC (2002), “Temporal aN and aT in Earthquake Ground Motion Analysis,” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 128(5): 502–510.
Tong M, Wang GQ and Lee GC (2005), “Time Derivative of Earthquake Acceleration,” Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 4(1): pp1–16
Xie LL, Xu LJ and Rodriguez-Marek A (2005), “Representation of Near-fault Pulse-type Ground Motion,” Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 4(2): 191–199.
Zhang YS, Hu YX, Zhao FX, Liang JW and Yang CH (2005), “Identification of Acceleration Pulses in Near-Fault Ground Motion Using EMD Method,” Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 4(2): 201–212.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Sponsored by: U.S. National Science Foundation Under Grant CMS-0202846
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tong, M., Rzhevsky, V., Dai, J. et al. Near-fault ground motions with prominent acceleration pulses: pulse characteristics and ductility demand. Earthq. Engin. Engin. Vib. 6, 215–223 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-007-0762-y
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-007-0762-y