Abstract
Detection and removal of pesticides have become increasingly imperative as the widespread production and use of pesticides severely contaminate soil and groundwater and cause serious problems to non-target species such as human and animals. Recently, new two-dimensional materials beyond graphene (e.g., transition metal dichalcogenides, layered double hydroxides), called post-graphene two-dimensional materials (pg-2DMs), have exhibited promising potentials in detecting and removing pesticides due to their unique physiochemical attributes such as high photocatalytic activity and large specific surface area. This review summarizes the recent advances of utilizing pg-2DMs to detect, degrade and adsorb pesticides (e.g., thiobencarb, methyl parathion, paraquat). The current gaps and future prospects of this field are discussed as well.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Pesticides are a group of chemicals, which are designed to kill and control the weeds and pests, and thus protect the agricultural production. According to their chemical compositions, pesticides can be classified into several categories, including organochlorines, organophosphate (OPs), substituted ureas, carbamate, biopesticides and miscellaneous pesticides (Rani and Shanker 2018). Many pesticides exhibit harmful effects on the human health and seriously threaten the environmental safety as well (Eddleston et al. 2008; Casida and Durkin 2013; Henry et al. 2015). Among the used pesticides, organochlorines are the most concerned persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (Rani et al. 2017). Yet, to boost up the worldwide crop production, lots of agrochemicals are still used extensively on crops every year without realizing their negative effects. For example, the consumption of atrazine (a kind of herbicide commonly used in the corn fields) reached 57.39 million pounds in 2005 (Zhang et al. 2011). Now, the largest pesticide consumer in the world is Europe, which is followed by Asia (Khalid et al. 2020).
Since pesticides and their metabolites are toxic and prevalent in the environment, there is an urgent need to develop effective, low-cost and easy-to-handle approaches for their detection and removal (Pitarch et al. 2010; Rani et al. 2017). To meet this demand, a lot of nanomaterials (e.g., zero-valent Fe nanoparticles (El-Temsah et al. 2016), Fe–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles (Joo and Zhao 2008), TiO2 nanocomposites (Zaleska et al. 2000)) have been utilized on account of their interesting properties, such as large specific surface area, high adsorption capacity and excellent catalytic properties (more information can be found the related reviews (Rani et al. 2017; Rani and Shanker 2018)). These advances stimulate the scientists to explore the potentials of other materials in solving the pesticide issue.
Graphene, the representative star of two-dimensional materials (2DMs), has been intensively studied in the treatment of pesticides due to its unique physiochemical properties. For instance, Zhang et al. prepared the cellulose/graphene composites, which exhibited strong adsorption behaviors towards six triazine pesticides (belonging to cationic pesticides) in the aqueous solutions. After six times of recycling, the adsorption efficiency of this composites was still over 85% (Zhang et al. 2015). Moreover, nanocomposites containing reduced GO (rGO) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles demonstrated a 93.61% adsorption efficiency towards triazine pesticides (belonging to cationic pesticides), which was aroused by the strong electrostatic interaction between the nanocomposites and the pesticides (Boruah et al. 2017). Suo et al. synthesized an activated carbon derived from sieve-like cellulose/graphene oxide composites (ACCE/G). They found the adsorption capacity of ACCE/G was up to 152.5 mg/g for chlorpyrifos (belonging to non-ionic pesticide) (Suo et al. 2018). It is believed that π–π stacking and van der Waals interactions are the major adsorption interactions between GO and pesticides (Wang et al. 2020). In fact, many other 2DMs beyond graphene, called post-graphene 2D materials (pg-2DMs), have already garnered increasing attentions in the detection and removal of pesticides. However, to the best of our knowledge, the advances in this field are not summarized yet. To fuel the development of this direction, the present review is motivated with emphasis on the pg-2DMs-based methods for pesticide detection and removal.
Basic Introduction of Post-graphene 2DMs
2DMs are layered materials that have large lateral size, but only one or few atoms in thickness (Sun and Wu 2018). The great success of graphene boosts the development of other 2DMs and they have displayed promising potentials in different fields, such as disinfection (Tian et al. 2019), catalysis, field effect transistors (Kong et al. 2017) and environmental remediation (Wang and Mi 2017). For example, few-layer MoS2 with lots of atomically sharp edges and active sites can efficiently inactivate microbes (Zheng, et al. 2020). Meanwhile, because sulfur is a kind of soft Lewis base and shows a high affinity to heavy metal ions (i.e., Ag+ and Hg2+), few-layer MoS2 nanosheets with numerous sulfur atoms on their surfaces exhibit high adsorption capacities towards heavy metals (Ai, et al. 2016; Gash et al. 1998). Until now, around 30,000 2DMs related articles are published annually, suggesting 2DMs are the hot spot in scientific research (Yin and Tang 2016). Some members of pg-2DMs, like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) (Liang et al. 2017), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) (Kumar et al. 2018), layered double hydroxides (LDHs) (Otero et al. 2012), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) (Atar and Yola 2018) and transition metal carbides and nitrides nanosheets (MXene) (Jiang et al. 2018), have been used for the detection and removal of pesticides. The structures of these materials are shown in Fig. S1. To date, various methods have been developed to prepare pg-2DMs. These methods can be generally divided into two categories: top-down (e.g., mechanical exfoliation and liquid phase exfoliation) and bottom-up (e.g., chemical vapor deposition) methods (Agarwal and Chatterjee 2018).
Applications of pg-2DMs in the Detection and Removal of Pesticides
TMDs
TMDs are MX2-type compounds, in which X is a chalcogen (e.g., S, Se, and Te) and M is the transition metal from groups IV, V and VI (Chhowalla et al. 2013; Tang and Zhou 2013; Xu et al. 2013). There are quite strong intra-layer covalent M–X bonds within bulk layered TMDs. Yet, the adjacent layers are connected by the weak van der Waals interactions.
Owing to their catalytic activities, sensitive surface states and large junction areas toward the electrode or electrolyte, some TMDs (i.e., MoS2 and WS2) have received considerable attention in fabricating electrochemical sensors for pesticides. The inherent properties of these TMDs suggest high catalytic activities of edge planes, which can be attributed to their high surface energy (Sinha et al. 2019). However, to boost their inherent electrochemical capacities, some strategies (e.g., doping of non-metal (Song et al. 2018b) or rare earth (Sakthivel et al. 2018), synthesizing metallic 1T-polymorph (Nasir et al. 2017), fabricating 3D architecture (Sinha et al. 2019)) are often needed. Decorating TMDs with conducting nanomaterials also significantly enhances their electrocatalytic capacities and thus improves the accuracies and limits of detection (Govindasamy et al. 2017; Qi et al. 2018; Song et al. 2018a; Zhao et al. 2018; Jia et al. 2020) (Table S1). For example, Zhao et al. prepared metallic 1T-phase MoS2 nanosheets using the chemical lithium-intercalation method. 1T phase MoS2 nanosheets were further modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to fabricate an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) based biosensor for the paraoxon detection (Fig. S2a). The biosensor exhibited a wide linear range (1.0–1000 μg/L) with a detection limit of 0.013 μg/L (Fig. S2b, c) (Zhao et al. 2018).
MoS2 with single or fewer layer or small planar dimensions (also known as quantum dots (QDs)) shows intriguing optical properties and/or redox activities (Gopalakrishnan et al. 2015; Xiao et al. 2016). Because of this, MoS2 also demonstrates promising potentials in detecting pesticides by colorimetric sensing (Chen et al. 2017), fluorescence sensing (Fahimi-Kashani et al. 2017), electrochemiluminescence sensing (Yang et al. 2017) and SERS sensor (Liang et al. 2017). For example, Fahimi–Kashani and co-workers utilized a simple hydrothermal method to synthesize MoS2 QDs. They found that p-nitrophenol, the alkaline hydrolysis product of methyl parathion (MP), can induce the photoluminescence quenching of MoS2 QDs, by which they developed a sensitive fluorescence method to detect MP. This method exhibited a detection limit of 0.085 μg/mL (Fahimi-Kashani et al. 2017).
Apart from the detection, TMDs can be utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of pesticides as well (Table S1). For instance, MoS2 has a strong absorption in the visible region of solar spectrum and is possible to use visible light for photocatalytic reactions due to its relatively small bandgap (Han and Hu 2016). Furthermore, some favorable properties of MoS2, such as atomic thickness, large distance between stacked layers and satisfying stability in both alkaline and acidic media, let MoS2 be a promising photocatalyst (Anjum et al. 2018; Susarla et al. 2018). Up to now, many approaches, such as synthesizing multiphasic MoS2 heterostructure (Chen et al. 2019) or MoS2 microsphere (Huang et al. 2018), incorporating MoS2 with other materials (Jo et al. 2016a, b; Kumar et al. 2016; Long et al. 2016; Luo et al. 2018; Ahamad et al. 2019; He et al. 2019), have been developed to prepare MoS2-based hetrostructures for the photocatalytic degradation of pesticides. For instance, Huang et al. used sodium molybdate and l-cysteine as raw materials to prepared MoS2 microsphere by a hydrothermal method (Fig. S2d). Under visible light irradiation, without adding H2O2, thiocarbon can be successfully degraded in MoS2 microsphere suspension. Its degradation efficiency can reach 95% within 12 h (Fig. S2e) (Huang et al. 2018). Besides, MoS2 can also degrade the pesticides via the electrocatalytic oxygen-reduction reaction (Qu et al. 2018), or serve as an efficient support for other materials and enrich the pesticides nearby, leading to a higher removal rate (Lu et al. 2017).
g-C3N4
Graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a kind of organic and metal-free semiconductors, which consists of tri-s-triazines and has a well crystallized layered structure (Liu et al. 2015). Based on its unique electrocatalytic and optical properties, it has been used alone or coupled with other materials to detect pesticides (Wang et al. 2016a, 2016b, 2017; Xie et al. 2018; Ouyang et al. 2018; Cao et al. 2019; Shetti et al. 2019; Yin et al. 2019) (Table S2). For instance, using g-C3N4 as the fluorescent probe and AuNPs as the colorimetric probe, Xie et al. developed a dual-signaling detection approach for sensing organophosphorus pesticides (Fig. S3a).The method displayed a wide linear range (2.0 × 10–11–6.0 × 10–9 M) with a detection limit of 6.9 × 10–12 M (Fig. S3b, c) (Xie et al. 2018). Ouyang reported that g-C3N4@BiFeO3 nanocomposites with photocatalytic activity can be used as a single peroxidase-like catalyst to fabricate the colorimetric/chemiluminescent dual-readout immunochromatographic assay for detecting multiple pesticide residues (Ouyang et al. 2018).
g-C3N4 with narrow bandgap energy (2.7 eV) can utilize visible light efficiently (Wang et al. 2009). Because of this, g-C3N4 is used for not only detection but also photodegradation of pesticides (Desipio et al. 2018; Pang et al. 2019). Yet, pure g-C3N4 has some disadvantages, such as low surface area and high recombination rate of photoelectron-hole pair (Jiang et al. 2016; Muhmood et al. 2017; Zhao et al. 2017). Therefore, many researchers prepared numerous g-C3N4-based composites by various methods, such as doping metal/non-metal elements (Kesarla et al. 2019; Vigneshwaran et al. 2019), combining with carbon materials (Chu et al. 2019; Dikdim et al. 2019) or semiconductors (Kumar et al. 2018; Abazari et al. 2019; Ayodhya and Veerabhadram 2019; Balasubramanian et al. 2019; Humayun et al. 2019; Yasmeen et al. 2019). For example, Kumar et al. fabricated the biochar supported ternary g-C3N4@Bi2O2CO3@CoFe2O4 composites (BCBF), which was magnetically recoverable and showed a high catalytic activity under visible light. After visible radiation for 90 min, 99.3% of paraquat (PQT) was degraded by BCBF (Fig. S3d, e) (Kumar et al. 2018). Vigneshwaran et al. prepared a novel catalyst based on the g-C3N4/chitosan composites. Owing to their efficient separation of electron hole pairs, these composites showed excellent photodegradation abilities towards chlorpyrifos (Vigneshwaran et al. 2019). Humayun et al. coupled cerium oxide (CeO2) with g-C3N4 to form CeO2/g-C3N4 (CeO/CN) composites with suitable band alignments. Under the visible-light irradiation, 57% of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was degraded by the CeO/CN composites after 2 h. The authors further proposed the photodegradation mechanism of 2,4-DCP based on the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis (Fig. S4a, b) (Humayun et al. 2019).
g-C3N4 has excellent stability and high reactivity due to its special layered structure. These properties make it possible to serve as a skeleton material to improve the adsorption capacities of other materials (Liu et al. 2015; Ou et al. 2018). For instance, Ou et al. prepared g-C3N4/amine-rich porous organic polymer composites (g-C3N4/RAPOP) via one-pot polymerization, which was then used as an adsorbent towards 2,4-DCP. When 2,4-DCP got close to the surface of g-C3N4/RAPOP, the hydrogen bond interactions and π-π interactions caused the adsorption of 2,4-DCP (pH 2–7). Within 40 s, the adsorption equilibrium of g-C3N4/RAPOP was reached. The maximum adsorption amount was 270.27 mg/g. In alkaline environment, both 2,4-DCP and g-C3N4/RAPOP were negatively charged and 2,4-DCP was desorbed from g-C3N4/RAPOP because of the strong electrostatic repulsion. The authors conducted the adsorption–desorption cycles for five times, and they believed that g-C3N4/RAPOP could be effectively regenerated via the alkali treatment (Fig. S4c, d) (Ou et al. 2018).
LDHs
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a kind of inorganic layered materials, whose generic formula is [MII1−xMIIIx(OH)2]z+(An−)z/n·yH2O. MII and MIII are divalent and trivalent metal ions, respectively. An− is interlayer anions in the brucite-like layers (Wu et al. 2013).
LDHs usually have a large surface area and the interlayer spacing of LDHs can vary, which depends on the size and geometry of the interlayer anions. In the electrochemical detection of pesticides, LDHs have been used as host materials to construct new functional host–guest materials. For example, Gong et al. built a series of electrochemical sensors using LDHs and some guest materials (including AChE (Gong et al. 2013), graphene (Liang et al. 2012), Ni/Al (Gong et al. 2009), NanoPt (Gong et al. 2010)) (Table S3).
Due to their high anion exchange capacities, high specific surface areas and flexible interlayer space, a variety of LDHs have long been used to fabricate efficient adsorbents for removing negatively charged contaminants in water such as anionic pesticides (Cornejo et al. 2008) and anionic dyes (Morimoto et al. 2011). Until now, many pesticides, such as 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid and 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxy benzoic acid can be effectively adsorbed by LDHs (Inacio et al. 2001; You et al. 2002; Legrouri et al. 2005; Li et al. 2005; Chaara et al. 2010, 2011; Otero et al. 2012; Nejati et al. 2013; Pavlovic et al. 2013). For example, Otero et al. investigated the adsorption behaviors of S-Metolachlor on the LDHs, which were intercalated with dodecylsulfate (HT-DDS) and tetradecanedioate (HT-TDD), respectively. They found that HT-TDD adsorbed more S-Metolachlor compared with HT-DDS. The amount of the adsorbed S-Metolachlor increased with temperature (Otero et al. 2012). Pavlovic et al. prepared the Mg–Al layered double hydroxide with caprylate (LDH-Cap) and studied its adsorption performances towards three pesticides, linuron, 2,4-DB and metamitron. They found that ~ 90% of initial linuron and 2,4-DB were absorbed by LDH-Cap within the first 30 min. However, metamitron was absorbed in a more gradual manner. The adsorbed 2,4-DB and metamitron were probably intercalated between caprylate chains and the brucite layers. Linuron may be adsorbed on the external surface of LDH-Cap. (Pavlovic et al. 2013).
In addition, LDHs also can be used as photocatalyst (Nguyen Thi Kim et al. 2016) or microbial immobilization matrix (Alekseeva et al. 2011) to mineralize pesticides via photodegradation or biodegradation. For instance, Phuong et al. prepared the calcined and Ti-doped LDHs (Mg@Fe@Ti@LDH) by the co-precipitation method. They found that Mg@Fe@Ti@LDH exhibited perfect photo-Fenton-like activity, causing 80–95% degradation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in 360 min (Nguyen Thi Kim et al. 2016).
Hexagonal Boron Nitride and MXene
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has graphene-like layered crystal structures. It contains equal numbers of boron and nitrogen atoms, which are arranged in a hexagonal structure. In each layer, the boron and nitrogen atoms are bonded by covalent bonds, whereas these layers stack together by the van der Waals force. A single-layer h-BN nanosheet can be regarded as a graphene analogue and thus it is also known as “white graphene”.
Owing to its unique properties like high mechanical strength and thermal conductivity, large surface area and high temperature stability, h-BN has been combined with other materials like metal nanoparticles to form nanocomposites for sensing pesticides (Atar and Yola 2018; Kiran et al. 2019; Tan et al. 2019; Zhan et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2019). For instance, Atar and co-workers built an electrochemical sensor based on Fe@AuNPs@h-BN nanocomposites for the determination of cypermethrin in waste water samples. This electrochemical sensor exhibited a linear range of 1.0 × 10–13–1.0 × 10–8 M and a detection limit of 3.0 × 10–14 M (Atar and Yola 2018).
As another popular member in pg-2DMs, transition metal carbides and nitrides nanosheets (MXene) has garnered increasing attentions in various fields (Naguib et al. 2014). It can be prepared using the HF-based chemical method to selectively etch the A element in its raw Mn+1AXn (MAX). M represents an early transition metal and A is mainly an element coming from group IIIA or IVA. X represents N or C element (Naguib et al. 2011). Due to its intriguing attributes like large specific surface area and excellent electrochemical activity, it has been utilized in sensing pesticides (Jiang et al. 2018; Xie et al. 2019; Zhao et al. 2020) (Table S3). Zhao et al. used MXene@Au@Pd nanocomposites to fabricate an enzyme-based pesticide biosensor. They chose paraoxon as the model pesticide and found the as-prepared biosensor showed a detection limit of 1.75 ng/L and a linearity range of 0.1–1000 μg/L (Fig. S5a) (Zhao et al. 2020). To detect malathion, Jiang et al. modified MXene with silver nanoparticles to prepare an AChE sensor (Fig. S5b), which showed a detection limit of 3.27 × 10–15 M and a linearity range of 1.0 × 10–14–1.0 × 10–8 M. This biosensor utilized the unique synergistic effects and electrocatalytic properties between Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and silver nanoparticles, which not only improved the electron transfer, but also enlarged the surface area for malathion detection (Jiang et al. 2018).
Conclusion and Perspective
The rise of global population generates a need to increase crop productivity and yield, which causes a large amount of pesticides to be produced and consumed annually. The released pesticides go through many transformations such as biodegradation, oxidation and photodegradation (Martinez Vidal et al. 2009). Photodegradation is an important abiotic process in the dissipation of pesticides, however, its efficiency is too low when it occurs naturally (Katagi 2004) To solve this problem, various nanomaterials have been used as photocatalysts to degrade pesticides in soil (Zeng et al. 2010) and water (Liu et al. 2016; Keihan et al. 2016) in the past decade. Recently, many pg-2DMs with unique properties has also been utilized in the treatment of pesticide. Although still in their infancies, the researches on the use of pg-2DMs have already demonstrated promising in, for example, the sensing, photodegradation and adsorption of pesticides. We believe more exciting results will be obtained in the future by investigating other newly emerged pg-2DMs with intriguing properties, such as black phosphorus and SnS2. However, there are also some unsolved questions in the current research: (1) Many factors, such as ionic strength, pH and natural organic matters will influence the adsorption capacities of pg-2DMs based adsorbents toward pesticides. Yet, such effects are rarely investigated; (2) The products of pg-2DMs catalyzing decontamination of pesticides need to be explored; (3) Although some pg-2DMs, such as g-C3N4 (Vigneshwaran et al. 2019) and MoS2 (Xu et al. 2013), already show high thermal and chemical stabilities in the photodegradation process, their stabilities still need to be confirmed at industrial scale; (4) Since increasing reports prove that graphene and other 2DMs exhibit toxicities to some extend (Tian et al. 2016; Li et al. 2018; Yu et al. 2019; Guiney et al. 2018), more efforts are needed to explore the environmental toxicities of these pg-2DMs when they are used for environmental remediation.
Abbreviations
- 2DMs:
-
Two-dimensional materials
- TMDs:
-
Transition metal dichalcogenides
- LDHs:
-
Layered double hydroxides
- pg-2DMs:
-
Post-graphene two-dimensional materials
- OPs:
-
Organophosphate
- GO:
-
Graphene oxide
- rGO:
-
Reduced GO
- g-C3N4 :
-
Graphitic carbon nitride
- h-BN:
-
Hexagonal boron nitride
- MXene:
-
Transition metal carbides and nitrides nanosheets
- AuNPs:
-
Gold nanoparticles
- AChE:
-
Acetylcholinesterase
- ATCh:
-
Acetylthiocholine
- TBC:
-
Thiobencarb
- QDs:
-
Quantum dots
- SERS:
-
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
- MP:
-
Methyl parathion
- BCBF:
-
G-C3N4@Bi2O2CO3@CoFe2O4 composites
- PQT:
-
Paraquat
- RAPOP:
-
G-C3N4@amine-rich porous organic polymer
- 2,4-DCP:
-
2,4-Dichlorophenol
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 2, 4-DB:
-
4-(2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid
- 4-NP:
-
4-Nitropheno
- MCPA:
-
4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid
- DNP:
-
2,4-Dinitrophenol
- DNOC:
-
2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrocresol
- 2,4,5-T:
-
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
References
Abazari R, Mahjoub AR, Salehi G (2019) Preparation of amine functionalized g-C3N4@(MOF)-M-H/S NCs with visible light photocatalytic characteristic for 4-nitrophenol degradation from aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 365:921–931
Agarwal V, Chatterjee K (2018) Recent advances in the field of transition metal dichalcogenides for biomedical applications. Nanoscale 10(35):16365–16397
Ahamad T, Naushad M, Al-Saeedi SI, Almotairi S, Alshehri SM (2019) Fabrication of MoS2/ZnS embedded in N/S doped carbon for the photocatalytic degradation of pesticide. Mater Lett 263:127271
Ai K, Ruan C, Shen M, Lu L (2016) MoS2 nanosheets with widened interlayer spacing for high-efficiency removal of mercury in aquatic systems. Adv Func Mater 26(30):5542–5549
Alekseeva T, Prevot V, Sancelme M, Forano C, Besse-Hoggan P (2011) Enhancing atrazine biodegradation by Pseudomonas sp strain ADP adsorption to layered double hydroxide bionanocomposites. J Hazard Mater 191(1–3):126–135
Anjum MAR, Jeong HY, Lee MH, Shin HS, Lee JS (2018) Efficient hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis in alkaline media by all-in-one MoS2 with multifunctional active sites. Adv Mater 30(20):1707105
Atar N, Yola ML (2018) Core-shell nanoparticles/two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets with molecularly imprinted polymer for electrochemical sensing of cypermethrin. J Electrochem Soc 165(5):H255–H262
Ayodhya D, Veerabhadram G (2019) Microwave-assisted fabrication of g-C3N4 nanosheets sustained Bi2S3 heterojunction composites for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Environ Technol. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2019.1646323
Balasubramanian J, Ponnaiah SK, Periakaruppan P, Kamaraj D (2019) Accelerated photodeterioration of class I toxic monocrotophos in the presence of one-pot constructed Ag3PO4/polyaniline@g-C3N4 nanocomposite: efficacy in light harvesting. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(2):2328–2339
Boruah PK, Sharma B, Hussain N, Das MR (2017) Magnetically recoverable Fe3O4/graphene nanocomposite towards efficient removal of triazine pesticides from aqueous solution: investigation of the adsorption phenomenon and specific ion effect. Chemosphere 168:1058–1067
Cao Y, Wang L, Wang C, Hu X, Liu Y, Wang G (2019) Sensitive detection of glyphosate based on a Cu-BTC MOF/g-C3N4 nanosheet photoelectrochemical sensor. Electrochim Acta 317:341–347
Casida JE, Durkin KA (2013) Neuroactive insecticides: targets, selectivity, resistance, and secondary effects. Ann Rev Entomol 58:99–117
Chaara D, Bruna F, Ulibarri MA, Draoui K, Barriga C, Pavlovic I (2011) Organo/layered double hydroxide nanohybrids used to remove non ionic pesticides. J Hazard Mater 196:350–359
Chaara D, Pavlovic I, Bruna F, Ulibarri MA, Draoui K, Barriga C (2010) Removal of nitrophenol pesticides from aqueous solutions by layered double hydroxides and their calcined products. Appl Clay Sci 50(3):292–298
Chen Q, Chen H, Li Z, Pang J, Lin T, Guo L, Fu F (2017) Colorimetric sensing of glyphosate in environmental water based on peroxidase mimetic activity of MoS2 nanosheets. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 17(8):5730–5734
Chen Y, Zhang G, Ji Q, Liu H, Qu J (2019) Triggering of low-valence molybdenum in multiphasic MoS2 for effective reactive oxygen species output in catalytic fenton-like reactions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11(30):26781–26788
Chhowalla M, Shin HS, Eda G, Li L-J, Loh KP, Zhang H (2013) The chemistry of two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets. Nat Chem 5(4):263
Chu M, Hu K, Wang J, Liu Y, Ali S, Qin C, Jing L (2019) Synthesis of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts with recyclable feature for efficient 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation and mechanisms. Appl Catal B 243:57–65
Cornejo J, Celis R, Pavlovic I, Ulibarri M (2008) Interactions of pesticides with clays and layered double hydroxides: a review. Clay Miner 43(2):155–175
Desipio MM, Thorpe R, Saha D (2018) Photocatalytic decomposition of paraquat under visible light by carbon nitride and hydrogen peroxide. Optik 172:1047–1056
Dikdim JMD, Gong Y, Noumi GB, Sieliechi JM, Zhao X, Ma N, Yang M, Tchatchueng JB (2019) Peroxymonosulfate improved photocatalytic degradation of atrazine by activated carbon/graphitic carbon nitride composite under visible light irradiation. Chemosphere 217:833–842
Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, Dawson AH (2008) Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Lancet 371(9612):597–607
El-Temsah YS, Sevcu A, Bobcikova K, Cernik M, Joner EJ (2016) DDT degradation efficiency and ecotoxicological effects of two types of nano-sized zero-valent iron (nZVI) in water and soil. Chemosphere 144:2221–2228
Fahimi-Kashani N, Rashti A, Hormozi-Nezhad MR, Mahdavi V (2017) MoS2 quantum-dots as a label-free fluorescent nanoprobe for the highly selective detection of methyl parathion pesticide. Anal Methods 9(4):716–723
Gash AE, Spain AL, Dysleski LM, Flaschenriem CJ, Kalaveshi A, Dorhout PK, Strauss SH (1998) Efficient recovery of elemental mercury from Hg(II)-contaminated aqueous media using a redox-recyclable ion-exchange material. Environ Sci Technol 32(7):1007–1012
Gong J, Guan Z, Song D (2013) Biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase immobilized onto layered double hydroxides for flow injection/amperometric detection of organophosphate pesticides. Biosens Bioelectron 39(1):320–323
Gong J, Wang L, Miao X, Zhang L (2010) Efficient stripping voltammetric detection of organophosphate pesticides using NanoPt intercalated Ni/Al layered double hydroxides as solid-phase extraction. Electrochem Commun 12(11):1658–1661
Gong J, Wang L, Song D, Zhu X, Zhang L (2009) Stripping voltammetric analysis of organophosphate pesticides using Ni/Al layered double hydroxides as solid-phase extraction. Biosens Bioelectron 25(2):493–496
Gopalakrishnan D, Damien D, Li B, Gullappalli H, Pillai VK, Ajayan PM, Shaijumon MM (2015) Electrochemical synthesis of luminescent MoS2 quantum dots. Chem Commun 51(29):6293–6296
Govindasamy M, Chen S-M, Mani V, Akilarasan M, Kogularasu S, Subramani B (2017) Nanocomposites composed of layered molybdenum disulfide and graphene for highly sensitive amperometric determination of methyl parathion. Microchim Acta 184(3):725–733
Guiney LM, Wang X, Xia T, Nel AE, Hersam MC (2018) Assessing and mitigating the hazard potential of two-dimensional materials. ACS Nano 12(7):6360–6377
Han B, Hu YH (2016) MoS2 as a co-catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production from water. Energy Sci Eng 4(5):285–304
He X, Wu Z, Xue Y, Gao Z, Yang X (2019) Fabrication of interlayer beta-CD/g-C3N4@MoS2 for highly enhanced photodegradation of glyphosate under simulated sunlight irradiation. RSC Adv 9(8):4635–4643
Henry M, Cerrutti N, Aupinel P, Decourtye A, Gayrard M, Odoux J-F, Pissard A, Rueger C (1819) Bretagnolle V (2015) Reconciling laboratory and field assessments of neonicotinoid toxicity to honeybees. Proc R Soc B 282:20152110
Huang S, Chen C, Tsai H, Shaya J, Lu C (2018) Photocatalytic degradation of thiobencarb by a visible light-driven MoS2 photocatalyst. Sep Purif Technol 197:147–155
Humayun M, Hu Z, Khan A, Cheng W, Yuan Y, Zheng Z, Fu Q, Luo W (2019) Highly efficient degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol over CeO2/g-C3N4 lob composites under visible-light irradiation: detailed reaction pathway and mechanism. J Hazard Mater 364:635–644
Inacio J, Taviot-Gueho C, Forano C, Besse JP (2001) Adsorption of MCPA pesticide by MgAl-layered double hydroxides. Appl Clay Sci 18(5–6):255–264
Jia L, Zhou Y, Wu K, Feng Q, Wang C, He P (2020) Acetylcholinesterase modified AuNPs-MoS2-rGO/PI flexible film biosensor: towards efficient fabrication and application in paraoxon detection. Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 131:107392–107392
Jiang W, Luo W, Wang J, Zhang M, Zhu Y (2016) Enhancement of catalytic activity and oxidative ability for graphitic carbon nitride. J Photochem Photobiol C 28:87–115
Jiang Y, Zhang X, Pei L, Yue S, Ma L, Zhou L, Huang Z, He Y, Gao J (2018) Silver nanoparticles modified two-dimensional transition metal carbides as nanocarriers to fabricate acetycholinesterase-based electrochemical biosensor. Chem Eng J 339:547–556
Jo W-K, Adinaveen T, Vijaya JJ, Selvam NCS (2016a) Synthesis of MoS2 nanosheet supported Z-scheme TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts for the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic water pollutants. RSC Adv 6(13):10487–10497
Jo W-K, Lee JY, Selvam NCS (2016b) Synthesis of MoS2 nanosheets loaded ZnO-g-C3N4 nanocomposites for enhanced photocatalytic applications. Chem Eng J 289:306–318
Joo SH, Zhao D (2008) Destruction of lindane and atrazine using stabilized iron nanoparticles under aerobic and anaerobic conditions: effects of catalyst and stabilizer. Chemosphere 70(3):418–425
Katagi T (2004) Photodegradation of pesticides on plant and soil surfaces. In: Ware GW (ed) Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology. Springer, New York, pp 1–189
Keihan AH, Hosseinzadeh R, Farhadian M, Kooshki H, Hosseinzadeh G (2016) Solvothermal preparation of Ag nanoparticle and graphene co-loaded TiO2 for the photocatalytic degradation of paraoxon pesticide under visible light irradiation. RSC Adv 6(87):83673–83687
Kesarla MK, Octavio Fuentez-Torres M, Antonio Alcudia-Ramos M, Ortiz-Chi F, Guadalupe Espinosa-Gonzalez C, Aleman M, Gilberto Torres-Torres J, Godavarthi S (2019) Synthesis of g-C3N4/N-doped CeO2 composite for photocatalytic degradation of an herbicide. J Mater Res Technol 8(2):1628–1635
Khalid S, Shahid M, Murtaza B, Bibi I, Natasha NMA, Niazi NK (2020) A critical review of different factors governing the fate of pesticides in soil under biochar application. Sci Total Environ 711:134645
Kiran TR, Atar N, Yola ML (2019) A methyl parathion recognition method based on carbon nitride incorporated hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets composite including molecularly imprinted polymer. J Electrochem Soc 166(12):H495–H501
Kong X, Liu Q, Zhang C, Peng Z, Chen Q (2017) Elemental two-dimensional nanosheets beyond graphene. Chem Soc Rev 46(8):2127–2157
Kumar A, Kumar A, Sharma G, AaH A-M, Naushad M, Ghfar AA, Guo C, Stadler FJ (2018) Biochar-templated g-C3N4/Bi2O2CO3/CoFe2O4 nano-assembly for visible and solar assisted photo-degradation of paraquat, nitrophenol reduction and CO2 conversion. Chem Eng J 339:393–410
Kumar S, Sharma V, Bhattacharyya K, Krishnan V (2016) Synergetic effect of MoS2-RGO doping to enhance the photocatalytic performance of ZnO nanoparticles. New J Chem 40(6):5185–5197
Legrouri A, Lakraimi M, Barroug A, De Roy A, Besse JP (2005) Removal of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate from water to zinc-aluminium-chloride layered double hydroxides. Water Res 39(15):3441–3448
Li F, Wang YF, Yang QZ, Evans DG, Forano C, Duan X (2005) Study on adsorption of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) pesticide on MgAl-layered double hydroxides in aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 125(1–3):89–95
Li M, Gu M-M, Tian X, Xiao B-B, Lu S, Zhu W, Yu L, Shang Z-F (2018) Hydroxylated-graphene quantum dots induce DNA damage and disrupt microtubule structure in human esophageal epithelial cells. Toxicol Sci 164(1):339–352
Liang H, Miao X, Gong J (2012) One-step fabrication of layered double hydroxides/graphene hybrid as solid-phase extraction for stripping voltammetric detection of methyl parathion. Electrochem Commun 20:149–152
Liang X, Wang Y-S, You T-T, Zhang X-J, Yang N, Wang G-S, Yin P-G (2017) Interfacial synthesis of a three-dimensional hierarchical MoS2-NS@Ag-NP nanocomposite as a SERS nanosensor for ultrasensitive thiram detection. Nanoscale 9(25):8879–8888
Liu G, Yang X, Li T, She Y, Wang S, Wang J, Zhang M, Jin F, Jin M, Shao H, Shi M (2015) Preparation of a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer using g-C3N4-Fe3O4 for atrazine adsorption. Mater Lett 160:472–475
Liu X, Hong H, Wu X, Wu Y, Ma Y, Guan W, Ye Y (2016) Synthesis of TiO2-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for efficient adsorption and photodegradation of herbicides. Water Air Soil Pollut 227(1):21
Long L-L, Chen J-J, Zhang X, Zhang A-Y, Huang Y-X, Rong Q, Yu H-Q (2016) Layer-controlled growth of MoS2 on self-assembled flower-like Bi2S3 for enhanced photocatalysis under visible light irradiation. NPG Asia Mater 8:e263–e263
Lu H, Wang J, Hao H, Wang T (2017) Magnetically separable MoS2/Fe3O4/nZVI nanocomposites for the treatment of wastewater containing Cr(VI) and 4-chlorophenol. Nanomaterials 7(10):303
Luo X-L, Chen Z-Y, Yang S-Y, Xu Y-H (2018) Two-step hydrothermal synthesis of peanut-shaped molybdenum diselenide/bismuth vanadate (MoSe2/BiVO4) with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of glyphosate. J Colloid Interface Sci 532:456–463
Martinez Vidal JL, Plaza-Bolanos P, Romero-Gonzalez R, Garrido Frenich A (2009) Determination of pesticide transformation products: a review of extraction and detection methods. J Chromatogr A 1216(40):6767–6788
Morimoto K, Tamura K, Iyi N, Ye J, Yamada H (2011) Adsorption and photodegradation properties of anionic dyes by layered double hydroxides. J Phys Chem Solids 72(9):1037–1045
Muhmood T, Khan MA, Xia M, Lei W, Wang F, Ouyang Y (2017) Enhanced photo-electrochemical, photo-degradation and charge separation ability of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) by self-type metal free heterojunction formation for antibiotic degradation. J Photochem Photobiol A 348:118–124
Naguib M, Kurtoglu M, Presser V, Lu J, Niu J, Heon M, Hultman L, Gogotsi Y, Barsoum MW (2011) Two-dimensional nanocrystals produced by exfoliation of Ti3AlC2. Adv Mater 23(37):4248–4253
Naguib M, Mochalin VN, Barsoum MW, Gogotsi Y (2014) 25th anniversary article: MXenes: a new family of two-dimensional materials. Adv Mater 26(7):992–1005
Nasir MZM, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Sofer Z, Pumera M (2017) Two-dimensional 1T-phase transition metal dichalcogenides as nanocarriers to enhance and stabilize enzyme activity for electrochemical pesticide detection. ACS Nano 11(6):5774–5784
Nejati K, Davary S, Saati M (2013) Study of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) removal by Cu-Fe-layered double hydroxide from aqueous solution. Appl Surf Sci 280:67–73
Nguyen Thi Kim P, Beak M-w, Bui The H, Lee Y-I (2016) Adsorption and photodegradation kinetics of herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid with MgFeTi layered double hydroxides. Chemosphere 146:51–59
Otero R, Fernandez JM, Ulibarri MA, Celis R, Bruna F (2012) Adsorption of non-ionic pesticide S-Metolachlor on layered double hydroxides intercalated with dodecylsulfate and tetradecanedioate anions. Appl Clay Sci 65–66:72–79
Ou H, Zhang W, Yang X, Cheng Q, Liao G, Xia H, Wang D (2018) One-pot synthesis of g-C3N4-doped amine-rich porous organic polymer for chlorophenol removal. Environ Sci 5(1):169–182
Ouyang H, Tu X, Fu Z, Wang W, Fu S, Zhu C, Du D, Lin Y (2018) Colorimetric and chemiluminescent dual-readout immunochromatographic assay for detection of pesticide residues utilizing g-C3N4/BiFeO3 nanocomposites. Biosens Bioelectron 106:43–49
Pang N, Lin H, Hu J (2019) Photodegradation of fluazaindolizine in aqueous solution with graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets under simulated sunlight illumination. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 170:33–38
Pavlovic I, Gonzalez MA, Rodriguez-Rivas F, Ulibarri MA, Barriga C (2013) Caprylate intercalated layered double hydroxide as adsorbent of the linuron, 2,4-DB and metamitron pesticides from aqueous solution. Appl Clay Sci 80–81:76–84
Pitarch E, Portolés T, Marín J, Ibáñez M, Albarrán F, Hernández F (2010) Analytical strategy based on the use of liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with triple-quadrupole and time-of-flight MS analyzers for investigating organic contaminants in wastewater. Anal Bioanal Chem 397(7):2763–2776
Qi P, Wang J, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Z, Xu H, Di S, Wang Q, Wang X (2018) Sensitive determination of fenitrothion in water samples based on an electrochemical sensor layered reduced graphene oxide, molybdenum sulfide (MoS2)-Au and zirconia films. Electrochim Acta 292:667–675
Qu R, Liu N, Chen Y, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Feng L (2018) A MoS2 nanosheet-coated mesh for pH-induced multi-pollutant water remediation with in situ electrocatalysis. J Mater Chem A 6(15):6435–6441
Rani M, Shanker U (2018) Degradation of traditional and new emerging pesticides in water by nanomaterials: recent trends and future recommendations. Int J Environ Sci Technol 15(6):1347–1380
Rani M, Shanker U, Jassal V (2017) Recent strategies for removal and degradation of persistent & toxic organochlorine pesticides using nanoparticles: a review. J Environ Manage 190:208–222
Sakthivel M, Sukanya R, Chen S-M (2018) Fabrication of europium doped molybdenum diselenide nanoflower based electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of diphenylamine in apple juice. Sens Actuators B 273:616–626
Shetti NP, Malode SJ, Vernekar PR, Nayak DS, Shetty NS, Reddy KR, Shukla SS, Aminabhavi TM (2019) Electro-sensing base for herbicide aclonifen at graphitic carbon nitride modified carbon electrode-water and soil sample analysis. Microchem J 149:103976
Sinha A, Huang Y, Zhao H (2019) Preparation of 3D assembly of mono layered molybdenum disulfide nanotubules for rapid screening of carbamate pesticide diethofencarb. Talanta 204:455–464
Song D, Li Q, Lu X, Li Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Gao F (2018a) Ultra-thin bimetallic alloy nanowires with porous architecture/monolayer MoS2 nanosheet as a highly sensitive platform for the electrochemical assay of hazardous omethoate pollutant. J Hazard Mater 357:466–474
Song D, Wang Y, Lu X, Gao Y, Li Y, Gao F (2018b) Ag nanoparticles-decorated nitrogen-fluorine co-doped monolayer MoS2 nanosheet for highly sensitive electrochemical sensing of organophosphorus pesticides. Sens Actuators B 267:5–13
Sun W, Wu F-G (2018) Two-dimensional materials for antimicrobial applications: graphene materials and beyond. Chem Asian J 13(22):3378–3410
Suo F, Xie G, Zhang J, Li J, Li C, Liu X, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Ji M (2018) A carbonised sieve-like corn straw cellulose–graphene oxide composite for organophosphorus pesticide removal. RSC Adv 8(14):7735–7743
Susarla S, Manimunda P, Morais Jaques Y, Hachtel JA, Idrobo JC, Syed Amnulla SA, Galvão DS, Tiwary CS, Ajayan PM (2018) Deformation mechanisms of vertically stacked WS2/MoS2 heterostructures: the role of interfaces. ACS Nano 12(4):4036–4044
Tan J, Peng B, Tang L, Feng C, Wang J, Yu J, Ouyang X, Zhu X (2019) Enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency: A novel h-BN based self-powered photoelectrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of diazinon. Biosens Bioelectron 142:111546
Tang Q, Zhou Z (2013) Graphene-analogous low-dimensional materials. Progess Mater Sci 58(8):1244–1315
Tian X, Sun Y, Fan S, Boudreau MD, Chen C, Ge C, Yin J-J (2019) Photogenerated charge carriers in molybdenum disulfide quantum dots with enhanced antibacterial activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11:4858–4866
Tian X, Yang Z, Duan G, Wu A, Gu Z, Zhang L, Chen C, Chai Z, Ge C, Zhou R (2016) Graphene oxide nanosheets retard cellular migration via disruption of actin cytoskeleton. Small 13:1602133
Vigneshwaran S, Preethi J, Meenakshi S (2019) Removal of chlorpyrifos, an insecticide using metal free heterogeneous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) incorporated chitosan as catalyst: photocatalytic and adsorption studies. Int J Biol Macromol 132:289–299
Wang B, Wang H, Zhong X, Chai Y, Chen S, Yuan R (2016a) A highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensor for the detection of organophosphate pesticides based on cyclodextrin functionalized graphitic carbon nitride and enzyme inhibition. Chem Commun 52(28):5049–5052
Wang B, Ye C, Zhong X, Chai Y, Chen S, Yuan R (2016b) Electrochemical biosensor for organophosphate pesticides and huperzine: a detection based on Pd wormlike nanochains/graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposites and acetylcholinesterase. Electroanalysis 28(2):304–311
Wang B, Zhong X, Chai Y, Yuan R (2017) Ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensor for organophosphate pesticides detection based on carboxylated graphitic carbon nitride-poly(ethylenimine) and acetylcholinesterase. Electrochim Acta 224:194–200
Wang H, Hu B, Gao Z, Zhang F, Wang J (2020) Emerging role of graphene oxide as sorbent for pesticides adsorption: experimental observations analyzed by molecular modeling. J Mater Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.02.033
Wang X, Maeda K, Thomas A, Takanabe K, Xin G, Carlsson JM, Domen K, Antonietti M (2009) A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light. Nat Mater 8(1):76–80
Wang Z, Mi B (2017) Environmental applications of 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets. Environ Sci Technol 51(15):8229–8244
Wu X, Tan X, Yang S, Wen T, Guo H, Wang X, Xu A (2013) Coexistence of adsorption and coagulation processes of both arsenate and NOM from contaminated groundwater by nanocrystallined Mg/Al layered double hydroxides. Water Res 47(12):4159–4168
Xiao SJ, Zhao XJ, Zuo J, Huang HQ, Zhang L (2016) Highly photoluminescent MoOx quantum dots: facile synthesis and application in off-on Pi sensing in lake water samples. Anal Chim Acta 906:148–155
Xie H, Bei F, Hou J, Ai S (2018) A highly sensitive dual-signaling assay via inner filter effect between g-C3N4 and gold nanoparticles for organophosphorus pesticides. Sens Actuators B 255:2232–2239
Xie Y, Gao F, Tu X, Ma X, Xu Q, Dai R, Huang X, Yu Y, Lu L (2019) Facile synthesis of MXene/electrochemically reduced graphene oxide composites and their application for electrochemical sensing of carbendazim. J Electrochem Soc 166(16):B1673–B1680
Xu M, Liang T, Shi M, Chen H (2013) Graphene-like two-dimensional materials. Chem Rev 113(5):3766–3798
Yang Y, Fang G, Wang X, Zhang F, Liu J, Zheng W, Wang S (2017) Electrochemiluminescent graphene quantum dots enhanced by MoS2 as sensing platform: a novel molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor for 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid assay. Electrochim Acta 228:107–113
Yasmeen H, Zada A, Li W, Xu M, Liu S (2019) Suitable energy platform of Bi2WO6 significantly improves visible-light degradation activity of g-C3N4 for highly toxic diuron pollutant. Mater Sci Semicond Process 102:104598
Yin H, Tang Z (2016) Ultrathin two-dimensional layered metal hydroxides: an emerging platform for advanced catalysis, energy conversion and storage. Chem Soc Rev 45(18):4873–4891
Yin J, Chen X, Chen Z (2019) Quenched electrochemiluminescence sensor of ZnO@g-C3N4 modified glassy carbon electrode for fipronil determination. Microchem J 145:295–300
You YW, Zhao HT, Vance GF (2002) Adsorption of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxy benzoic acid) in aqueous solution by calcined-layered double hydroxide. Appl Clay Sci 21(5–6):217–226
Yu L, Tian X, Gao D, Lang Y, Shang Z-F (2019) Oral administration of hydroxylated-graphene quantum dots induces intestinal injury accompanying the loss of intestinal stem cells and proliferative progenitor cells. Nanotoxicology 13(10):1409–1421
Zaleska A, Hupka J, Wiergowski M, Biziuk M (2000) Photocatalytic degradation of lindane, p, p′-DDT and methoxychlor in an aqueous environment. J Photochem Photobiol A 135(2–3):213–220
Zeng R, Wang J, Cui J, Hu L, Mu K (2010) Photocatalytic degradation of pesticide residues with RE3+-doped nano-TiO2. J Rare Earths 28:353–356
Zhan Y, Yang J, Guo L, Luo F, Qiu B, Hong G, Lin Z (2019) Targets regulated formation of boron nitride quantum dots-Gold nanoparticles nanocomposites for ultrasensitive detection of acetylcholinesterase activity and its inhibitors. Sens Actuators B 279:61–68
Zhang C, Zhang RZ, Ma YQ, Guan WB, Wu XL, Liu X, Li H, Du YL, Pan CP (2015) Preparation of cellulose/graphene composite and its applications for triazine pesticides adsorption from water. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 3(3):396–405
Zhang J, Lin Z, Qin Y, Li Y, Liu X, Li Q, Huang H (2019) Fabricated Electrochemical Sensory Platform Based on the Boron Nitride Ternary Nanocomposite Film Electrode for Paraquat Detection. Acs Omega 4(19):18398–18404
Zhang W, Jiang F, Ou J (2011) Global pesticide consumption and pollution: with China as a focus. Proc Int Acad Ecol Environ Sci 1(2):125
Zhao F, Yao Y, Jiang C, Shao Y, Barcelo D, Ying Y, Ping J (2020) Self-reduction bimetallic nanoparticles on ultrathin MXene nanosheets as functional platform for pesticide sensing. J Hazard Mater 384:121358–121358
Zhao F, Yao Y, Li X, Lan L, Jiang C, Ping J (2018) Metallic transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets as an effective and biocompatible transducer for electrochemical detection of pesticide. Anal Chem 90(19):11658–11664
Zhao Q, Mao Q, Zhou Y, Wei J, Liu X, Yang J, Luo L, Zhang J, Chen H, Chen H (2017) Metal-free carbon materials-catalyzed sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes: a review on heterogeneous catalysts and applications. Chemosphere 189:224–238
Zheng J, Li J, Zhang L, Chen X, Yu Y, Huang H (2020) Post-graphene 2D materials-based antimicrobial agents: focus on fabrication strategies and biosafety assessments. J Mater Sci 55(17):7226–7246
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21776136, 21878154), Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture (Nos. XTE1848, XTC1810), Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20170988), Program for Innovative Research Team in Universities of Jiangsu Province (2015), Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions PPZY2015B155, TAPP.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, Q., Lu, L., Xu, Q. et al. Using Post-graphene 2D Materials to Detect and Remove Pesticides: Recent Advances and Future Recommendations. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 107, 185–193 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02868-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02868-z