Summary
Migration of root-knot larvae (Meloidogyne incognita) into the primary root tissues of red clover (Trifolium pratense, cult. “Kenland”) was accompanied by separation and subsequent compression of cells in front of and along the path of the penetrating nematode. The protoplasts of the parenchymatous cortical cells did not respond to the presence of the penetrating larvae. However, as the nematode approached the differentiating vascular tissue, the cytoplasmic density of the pericyclic and meristematic cells increased. This increased density was accompanied by an alteration in the morphological features of the nucleus. In addition to these changes, two different types of extracellular material were observed during penetration. A homogeneous substance appeared in and around the external opening of the amphid; and an electron dense material was found along the middle lamellae of the separating plant cells and between the cuticle of the nematode and the cell walls of the host.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Bird, A. F., 1961: The ultrastructure and histochemistry of a nematode-induced giant cell. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol.11, 701–715.
—, 1966: Some observations on exudates fromMeloidogyne larvae. Nematologica12, 471–482.
—, 1971: The structure of nematodes. p. 318. New York and London: Academic Press.
Christie, J. R., 1936: The development of root-knot nematode galls. Phytopathology26, 1–22.
Dropkin, V. H., 1969: Cellular response of plants to nematode infections. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol.7, 101–122.
Endo, B. Y., andJ. A. Veech, 1969: The histochemical localization of oxidoreductive enzymes of soybeans infected with the root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita acrita. Phytopathology59, 418–425.
—, andW. P. Wergin, 1971: Fine-structural changes in red clover (Trifolium pratense) roots during penetration by the root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita. J. Nematol.3, 309 (Abstr.).
Huang, C. S., andA. R. Maggenti, 1969 a: Mitotic aberrations and nuclear changes of developing giant cells inVicia faba caused by root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne javanica. Phytopathology59, 447–455.
— —, 1969 b: Wall modifications in developing giant cells ofVicia faba andCucumis sativus induced by root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne javanica. Phytopathology59, 931–937.
Kostoff, D., andJ. Kendall, 1930: Cytology of nematode galls onNicotiana roots. Zbl. Bakt. Parasitenk. 2. Abt.81, 86–91.
Krusberg, L. R., 1963: Host response to nematode infection. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol.1, 219–240.
Linford, M. B., 1937: The feeding of the root-knot nematode in root tissue and nutrient solution. Phytopathology27, 824–835.
Nemec, B., 1910: Das Problem der Befruchtungsvorgänge und andere zytologische Fragen. Vielkernige Riesenzellen inHeterodera-Gallen. pp. 151–173. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger.
Owens, R. G., andH. M. Novotny, 1960: Physiological and biochemical studies on nematode galls. Phytopathology50, 650 (Abstr.).
Paulson, R. E., andJ. M. Webster, 1972: Ultrastructure of the hypersensitive reaction in roots of tomato,Lycopersicon esculentum L., to infection by the root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita. Physiol. Plant Pathol.2, 227–234.
Spurr, A. R., 1969: A low viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. J. Ultrastruct. Res.26, 31–43.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Endo, B.Y., Wergin, W.P. Ultrastructural investigation of clover roots during early stages of infection by the root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita . Protoplasma 78, 365–379 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01275773
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01275773