Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Adomeo G, Zeiger E: A cationic channel in the guard cell tonoplast of Allium cepa. Plant Physiol 105: 999–1006 (1994).
Alexandre J, Lassalles JP, Kado RT: Opening of Ca2+ channels in isolated red beet root vacuole membrane by inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate. Nature 343: 567–570 (1990).
Anderson JA, Huprikar SS, Kochian LV, Lucas WJ, Gaber RF: Functional expression of a probable Arabidopsis thaliana potassium channel in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 3736–3740 (1992).
Assman SM: Signal transduction in guard cells. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 9: 345–375 (1993).
Barbara J-G, Stoeckel H, Takeda K: Hyperpolarisation-activated inward chloride current in protoplasts from suspension cultured carrot cells. Protoplasma 180: 136–144 (1994).
Becker D, Zeilinger C, Lohse G, Depta H, Hedrich R: Identification and biochemical characterization of the plasma-membrane H+-ATPase in guard cells of Vicia faba L.. Planta 190: 44–50 (1993).
Beilby MJ: Electrophysiology of giant algal cells. Meth Enzymol, 174: 403–443 (1989).
Bentrup F-W: Cell physiology and membrane transport. Progress in Botany 51: 70–79 (1989).
Bertl A, Slayman CL: Complex modulation of cation channels in the tonoplast and plasma membrane of saccharomyces cerevisiae: Single-channel studies. J Exp Biol 172: 271–287 (1992).
Bertl A, Blumwald E, Coronado R, Eisenberg R, Findlay G, Gradmann D, Hille B, Köhler K, Kolb H-A, MacRobbie E, Meissner G, Miller C, Neher E, Palade P, Pantoja O, Sanders D, Schroeder J, Slayman C, Spanswick R, Walker A, and Williams A: Electrical measurements on endomembranes. Science Letters 258: 873–874 (1992).
Bethke PC, Jones RL: Ca2+-Calmodulin modulaes ion channel activity in storage protein vacuoles of barley aleurone cells. Plant Cell 6: 277–285 (1994).
Blatt MR: Ion channel gating in plants: Physiological implications and integration for stomatal function. J Membr Biol 124: 95–112 (1991).
Blatt MR: K+ Channels of stomatal guard cells. Characteristics of the inward rectifier and its control by pH. J Gen Physiol 99: 615–644 (1992).
Bush DS, Hedrich R, Schoeder JI Jones RL: Channelmediated K+ flux in barley aleurone protoplasts. Planta 176: 368–377 (1988).
Cosgrove DJ, Hedrich R: Stretch-activated chloride, potassium, and calcium channels coexisting in the plasma membranes of guard cells of Vicia faba L.. Planta 186: 143–153 (1991).
Dietrich P, Hedrich R: Conversion of fast and slow gating modes of GCAC1, a guard cell anion channel. Planta, in press (1994).
Elzenga JTM, Van Volkenburg E: Characterization of ion channels in the plasma membrane of epidermal cells of expanding pea (Pisum sativum arg) leaves. J Membr Biol 137, in press (1994).
Fairley K, Laver D, Walker NA: Whole-cell and single-channel currents across the plasmalemma of corn shoot suspension cells. J Membr Biol 121: 11–22 (1991).
Fairley-Grenot KA, Assmann SM: Evidence for G-protein regulation of inward K+ channel current in guard cells of fava bean. Plant Cell 3: 1037–1044 (1991).
Fairley-Grenot KA, Assmann SM: Permeation of Ca2+ through K+ channels in the plasma membrane of Vicia faba guard cells. J Membr Biol 128: 103–113 (1992).
Falke L, Edwards KL, Pickard BG, Misler SA: A stretch-activated anion channel in tobacco protoplasts. FEBS Lett 237: 141–144 (1988).
Findlay GP, Tyerman SD, Garrill A, Skerrett M: Pump and K+ inward rectifiers in the plasmalemma of wheat root protoplasts. J Membr Biol 139: 103–116 (1994).
Frommer W, Hummel S, Riesmeyer J: Expression cloning in yeast of a cDNA encoding a broad specifity amino acid permease from Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 5944–5948 (1993).
Hedrich R, Neher R: Cytoplasmic calcium regulates voltage dependent ion channels in plant vacuoles. Nature 329: 833–835 (1987).
Hedrich R, Kurkdjian A: Characterization of an anionpermeable channel from sugar beet vacuoles: Effect of inhibitors. EMBO 7: 3661–3666 (1988).
Hedrich R, Barbier-Brygoo H, Felle H, Flügge UI: General mechanisms for solute transport across the tonoplast of plant vacuoles: a patch-clamp survey of ion channels and proton pumps. Bot Acta 101: 7–13 (1988).
Hedrich R, Schroeder JI: The physiology of ion channels and electrogenic pumps in higher plant. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 40: 539–569 (1989).
Hedrich R, Busch H, Raschke K: Ca2+ and nucleotide dependent regulation of voltage dependent anion channels in the plasma membrane of guard cells. EMBO J 9: 3889–3892 (1990).
Hedrich R, Marten I: Malate-induced feedback regulation of plasma membrane anion channels could provide a CO2 sensor to guard cells. EMBO J 12: 897–901 (1993).
Hedrich R, Marten I, Lohse G, Dietrich P, Winter H, Lohaus G, Heldt HW: Malate-sensitive anion channels enable guard cells to sense changes in the ambient CO2 concentration. Plant J 6: 741–748 (1994).
Hedrich R, Moran O, Conti F, Busch H, Becker D, Gambale F, Dreyer I, Küch A, Neuwinger K, Palme K: voltage-dependence and high-affinity Cs+ block of a cloned plant K+ channel Eur J Biophys in press (1994).
Hedrich R: Technical approaches to studying specific properties of ion channels in plants, In: Neher E, Sakmann B (eds). Single Channel Recordings II. Plenum Press, NY, in press (1994).
Hedrich R: Voltage-dependent chloride channels in plant cells: Identification, characterization, and regulation of a guard cell anion channel. In: Guggino WB (ed) Current Topics in, Membranes 42, Chloride Channels, pp. 1–34. Academic Press, San Diego (1994).
Hille B: Ionic channels of excitable membranes. Sinauer Assoc., Sunderland, MA (1992).
Ho K, Nichols CG, Lederer WJ, Lytton J, Vassilev PM, Kanazirska MV, Herbert SC: Cloning and expression of an inwardly rectifying ATP-regulated potassium channel. Nature 362: 31–38 (1993).
Hodgkin HL, Huxley AF: A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. J Physiol 117: 500–544 (1952).
Hoffmann A, Laubinger W, Dimroth P: Sodium-coupled ATP synthesis in Propionigenium modestum: is it a unique system? Biochim Biophys Acta 1018: 206–210 (1990).
Iijima T, Hagiwara S: Voltage-dependent K+ channels in protoplasts of trap-lobe cells Dionaea muscipula. J Membr Biol 100: 73–81 (1987).
Ilan N, Schwartz A, Moran N: External pH effects on the depolarization-activated K channels in guard cell protoplasts of Vicia faba. J Gen Physiol 103: 807–831 (1994).
Keller BU, Hedrich R, Raschke K: Voltage-dependent anion channels in the plasma membrane of guard cells. Nature 341: 450–453 (1989).
Ketchum KA, Shrier A, Poole RJ: Characterization of potassium dependent currents in protoplasts of corn suspension cells. Plant Physiol 89: 1184–1192 (1989).
Ketchum KA, Poole RJ: Cytosolic calcium regulates a potassium current in corn (Zea maize) protoplasts. J Membr Biol 119: 227–288 (1991).
Kolb HA, Marten I, Hedrich R: GCAC1 a guard cell anion channel with gating properties like the HH sodium channel. J Membr Biol in press (1994).
Kourie J, Goldsmith MHM: K+ channels are responsible for an inwardly rectifying current in the plasma membrane of mesophyll protoplasts of Avena sativa. Plant Physiol 98: 1087–1097 (1994).
Kubo Y, Baldwin TJ, Jan YN, Jan LY: Primary structure and functional expression of a mouse inward rectifier potassium channel. Nature 362: 127–133 (1993).
Kwart M, Hirner B, Hummel S, Frommer WB: Differential expression of two related amino acid transporters with differing substrate specificity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 4: 993–1002 (1993).
Lew RR: Substrate regulation of single potassium and chloride ion channels in Arabidopsis plasma membrane. Plant Physiol 95: 642–647 (1991).
Linder B, Raschke K: A slow anion channel in guard cells, activating at large hyperpolarization, may be principal for stomatal closing. FEBS Lett 313: 27–31 (1994).
Lohse G, Hedrich R: Characterization of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase from Vicia faba guard cells. Modulation by extracellular factors and seasonal changes. Planta 188: 206–214 (1992).
Luan S, Lee W, Rusnack F, Assmann SM, Schreiber SL: Immunosuppressants implicate protein phsphatase regulation of K+ channels in guard cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 2202–2206 (1993).
Maathuis FJM, Prins HBA: Patch clamp studies on root cell vacuoles of a salt-tolerant and a salt-sensitive Plantago species. Plant Physiol 92: 23–28 (1991).
Maathuis FJM, Prins HBA: Inhibition of inward rectifying tonoplast channels by a vacuolar factor, Physiological and kinetic implications. J Membr Biol 122: 251–258 (1991).
Marten I, Lohse G, Hedrich R: Plant growth hormones control voltage-dependent activity of anion channels in plasma membrane of guard cells. Nature 353: 758–762 (1991).
Moran N, Ehrenstein G, Iwasa K, Mischke C, Bare C, Satter RL: Potassium channels in motor cells of Samanea saman. A patch-clamp study. Plant Physiol 88: 643–648 (1988).
Moran N, Fox D, Sutter RL: Interaction of the depolarization-activated K+ channel of Samanea saman with inorganic ions: A patch-clamp study. Plant Physiol 94: 424–431 (1990).
Müller-Röber B, Busch H, Ellenberg J, Becker D, Dietrich P, Provart N, Hedrich R, Willmitzer L: Cloning and electrophysiological characterisation of a voltage-dependent K+ channel predominantly expressed in potato guard cells. EMBO J, submitted (1994).
Nelson N, Taiz L: The evolution of H+-ATPases. Trends Biochem Sci 4: 113 (1989).
Ninnemann O, Jauniaux JC, Frommer WB: Identification of a high affinity ammonium transporter from plants. EMBO J 13: 3463–3471 (1994).
O'Rourke B, Ramza BM, Marban E: Oscillations of membrane current and excitability driven by metabolic oscillations in heart cells. Science 265: 962–966 (1994).
Pantoja O, Dainty J, Blumwald E: Cytoplasmic chloride regulates cation channels in the vacuolar membrane of plant cells. J Membr Biol 125: 219–229 (1992).
Pederson PL, Carafoli E: Ion motive ATPases. II Energy coupling and work output. Trends Biochem Sci 12 (5): 186–189 (1987).
Raschke K: Movements of stomata. In: Haupt W, Feinleib ME (eds) Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, Bd. 7, Physiology of Movements. Springer Verlag, Berlin (1979).
Reifarth FW, Weiser T, Bentrum F-W: Voltage- and Ca2+-dependence of the K+ channel in the vacuolar membrane of Chenopodium rubrum L. suspension cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 192: 79–87 (1994).
Riesmeier JW, Willmitzer L, Frommer WB: Isolation and characterization of a sucrose carrier cDNA from spinach by functional expression in yeast. EMBO J 11: 4705–4713 (1992).
Sauer N, Tanner W: Molecular biology of sugar transporters in plants. Bot Acta 106: 277–286 (1993).
Sauer N, Baier K, Gahrtz M, Stadler R, Stolz J, Truernit E: Sugar transport across the plasma membranes of higher plants. Plant Mol Biol 26: 1671–1679 (1994).
Schachtman DP, Tyerman SD, Terry BR: The K+/Na+ selectivity of a cation channel in the plasma membrane of root cells does not differ in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive wheat species. Plant Physiol 97: 598–605 (1991).
Schachtmann DP, Schroeder JI, Lucas WJ, Anderson JA, Gaber RF: Expression of an inward-rectifying potassium channel by the Arabidopsis KAT1 cDNA. Science 258: 1654–1658 (1992).
Schachtmann DP, Schroeder JI: Structure and transport mechanism of a high-affinity potassium uptake transporter from higher plant. Nature 370: 655–658 (1994).
Schauf CL, Wilson KJ: Effects of ABA on K+ channels in Vicia faba guard cell protoplasts. Biochem. Biophys Res Com 145: 284–290 (1987).
Schauf CL, Wilson KJ: Properties of single K+ and Cl- channels in Asclepias tuberosa protoplasts. Plant Physiol 85: 413–418 (1987).
Schönknecht G, Hedrich R, Junge W, Raschke K: A voltage-dependent chloride channel in the photosynthetic membrane of a higher plant. Nature 336: 589–592 (1988).
Schroeder JI, Hedrich R, Ferandez JM: Potassium-selective single channels in guard cell protoplasts of Vicia faba. Nature 312: 361–362 (1984).
Schroeder JI, Raschke K, Neher E: Voltage-dependence of K+ channels in guard-cell protoplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 4108–4112 (1987).
Schroeder JI: K+ transport properties of K+ channels in the plasma membrane of Vicia faba guard cells. J Gen Physiol 92: 667–683 (1988).
Schroeder JI, Hagiwara S: Cytosolic calcium regulates ion channels in the plasma membrane of Vicia faba guard cells. Nature 338: 427–430 (1989).
Schroeder JI, Hedrich R: Involvement of ion channels and active transport in osmoregulation and signalling of higher plant cells. Trends Biochem Sci 14: 187–192 (1989).
Schroeder JI: Quantitative analysis of outward rectifying K+ currents in guard cell protoplasts from Vicia faba. J Membr Biol 107: 229–235 (1989).
Schroeder JI, Hagiwara S: Voltage-dependent activation of Ca2+-regulated anion channels and K+ uptake channels in Vicia faba guard cells. In: Leonard RT, Hepler PK (eds) Current Topics in Plant Physiology 4: Calcium in Plant Growth and Development, pp. 144–150. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, Maryland (1990).
Schroeder JI, Fang HH: Inward-rectifying K+ channels in guard cells provide a mechanism for low-affinity K+ uptake. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 11583–11587 (1991).
Schroeder JI, Keller B: Two types of anion channel currents in guard cells with distinct voltage regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 5025–5029 (1992).
Schroeder JI, Schmidt C, Sheaffer J: Identification of high-affinity slow anion channels blockers and evidence for stomatal regulation by slow anion channels in guard cells. Plant Cell 5: 1831–1841 (1993).
Schulz-Lessdorf B, Hedrich R: Protons and calcium modulate SV-type channels in the vacuolar-lysosomal compartment-Interaction with calmodulin antagonists. J Gen Physiol, submitted (1994).
Schulz-Lessdorf B, Dietrich P, Marten I, Lohse G, Busch H, Hedrich R: Coordination of plasma membrane ion channels during stomatal movement. In: Leigh RA (ed) The SEB Symposium 48, Membrane Transport in Plants and Fungi. The Company of Biologists Limited, Cambridge (1994).
Schulz-Lessdorf B, Hedrich R: pH and Ca2+ modulate the activity of ion channels in the vacuolar membrane of guard cells-possible interaction with calmodulin. Poster Abstract [377], Botanikertagung Berlin, FRG (1992).
Sentenac H, Bonneaud N, Minet M, Lacroute F, Salmon J-M, Gaymard F, Grignon C: Cloning and expression in yeast of a plant potassium ion transport system. Science 256: 663–665 (1992).
Shimazaki K, Iino M, Zeiger E: Blue light-dependent proton extrusion by guard cell-protoplasts of Vicia faba. Nature 319: 324–326 (1986).
Skerrett M, Tyermann SD: A channels that allows inwardly directed fluxes of anions in protoplasts derived from wheat roots. Planta 192: 295–305 (1994).
Spalding EP, Goldsmith MHM: Activation of K+ channels in the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis by ATP produced photosynthetically. Plant Cell 5: 477–484 (1993).
Spalding EP, Slayman CL, Goldsmith MHM, Gradmann D, Bertl A: Ion channels in Arabidopsis plasma membrane. Plant Physiol 99: 96–102 (1992).
Speer M, Kaiser WM: Ionic relations of symplastic and apoplastic space in leaves from Spinatia oleracea L. and Pisum sativum L. under salinity. Plant Physiol 97: 990–997 (1991).
Stoeckel H, Takeda K: Calcium-activated, voltage-dependent, non-selective cation currents in the endosperm plasma membrane from higher plants. Proc R Soc Lond B 237: 213–231 (1989).
Sussmann MR: Shaking Arabidopsis thaliana. Science 256: 619 (1992).
Sze H: H+-translocating ATPases. Advances using plasma membrane vesicles. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 36: 175–208 (1985).
Terry BR, Tyerman SD, Findlay GP: Ion channels in the plasma membrane of Amaranthus protoplasts: One cation and one anion channel dominate the conductance. J Membr Biol 121: 223–236 (1991).
Thiel G, Homan U, Gradmann D: Microscopic elements of electrical excitation in chara: Transient activity of Cl- channels in the plasma membrane. J Membr Biol 134: 53–66 (1993).
Thiel G, McRobbie EAC, Blatt MR: Membrane transport in stomatal guard cells. Importance of voltage control. J Membr Biol 126: 1–18 (1992).
Thuleau P, Ward JM, Ranjeva R, Schroeder JI: Voltage-dependent calcium-permeable channels in the plasma membrane of carrot suspension cells. EMBO J 13: 2970–2975 (1994).
Tsay Y-F, Schroeder JI, Feldmann KA, Crawford NM: The herbicide sensitivity gene CHL1 of Arabidopsis thaliana enodes a nitrate-inducible nitrate transporter. Cell 72: 705–713 (1993).
Tyerman SD: Anion channels in plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Mol Biol 43: 351–373 (1992).
Vogelzang SA, Prins HBA: Patch clamp analysis of the dominant plasma membrane K+ channel in root cell protoplasts of Plantago media L. Its significance for the P and K state. J Membr Biol 141: 113–122 (1994).
Ward JM, Schroeder JI: Ca-activated K+ channels and Ca-induced Ca release by slow vacuolar ion channels in guard cells vacuoles implicated in the control of stomatal closure. Plant Cell 6: 669–683 (1994).
Wegner LH, Raschke K: Ion channels in the xylem parenchyma of barley roots. Plant Physiol 105: 799–813 (1994).
Wegner LH, DeBoer AH, Raschke K: Properties of the K+ inward rectifier in the plasma membrane of xylem parenchyma cells from Barley roots: Effects of TEA+, Ca2+, Ba2+, and La3+. J Membr Biol, in press (1994).
Weiser T, Bentrup F-W: (+)-Tubocurarine is a potent inhibitor of cation channels in the vacuolar membrane of Chenopodium rubrum L. FEBS Lett 277: 220–222 (1990).
Weiser T, Bentrup F-W: Pharmacology of the SV channel in the vacuolar membrane of Chenopodium rubrum suspension cells. J Membr Biol 136: 43–54 (1993).
Weiser T, Blum W, Bentrup F-W: Calmodulin regulates the Ca2+-dependent slow-vayacuolar ion channel in the tonoplast of Chenopodium rubrum suspension cells. Planta 185: 440–442 (1991).
Zimmermann S, Thomine S, Guern J, Barbier-Brygoo H: An anion current at the plasmamembrane of tobacco protoplast shows ATP-dependent voltage regulation and is modulated by auxin. Plant J 6: 707–716 (1994).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hedrich, R., Becker, D. Green circuits — The potential of plant specific ion channels. Plant Mol Biol 26, 1637–1650 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00016494
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00016494