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Photoacclimation of Light Harvesting Systems in Eukaryotic Algae

  • Chapter
Light-Harvesting Antennas in Photosynthesis

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 13))

Summary

Photoacclimation is a suite of phenotypically expressed, developmentally independent, reversible physiological feedback responses to short-term (minutes to days) variations in spectral irradiance. These responses are observed in all eukaryotic algal taxa and involve alterations in the optical absorption cross section, the effective absorption cross section, and the rate of electron transfer from water to a terminal acceptor (e.g., carbon dioxide or nitrate). In this chapter, we review the primary physical processes in aquatic ecosystems that provided selection pressure for photoacclimation responses. These processes include the passage of clouds across the sky, vertical mixing, and diel variability in incident solar irradiance. The physiological responses to variations in the spectral irradiance are transduced via the redox state of intersystem electron transport components, especially plastoquinone. In a ‘nested’ series, responses include state transitions, alterations in the xanthophylls, and net synthesis/degradation of light harvesting complexes. The three processes have different time constants and dynamic ranges, but all result in alterations of the effective absorption cross section of photochemistry, such that light absorption and electron transport are balanced. The balance between light absorption and electron transport optimizes (not maximizes) photosynthesis under a very wide range of light conditions found in natural aquatic ecosystems.

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Abbreviations

α αB :

the initial slope of the photosynthesis + irradiance curve. The superscript B denotes that the parameter is normalized to chlorophyll a

ømax :

the maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis

τ:

turnover time for whole chain photosynthetic electron transport

a*:

the spectrally averaged optical absorption cross section normalized to chlorophyll a

DBMIB:

dibromothymoquinone

DCMU-3:

4-dichlorophenyl-1, 1-dimethylurea

E0 :

irradiance at the air/water interface

Ek :

saturation irradiance for photosynthesis (Ek = αB/ PB max)

Fm :

maximum fluorescence

Fo :

initial fluorescence

FRRF:

fast repetition rate fluorescence

IR:

infrared light

Lhcb :

gene encoding the major light harvesting protein serving Photosystem II

n:

ratio of Photosystem II reaction centers to total chlorophyll a

P700 :

reaction center of Photosystem I

Pmax, PB max :

light saturated photosynthesis. The superscript B denotes that the parameter is normalized to chlorophyll a

QA :

primary quinone in Photosystem II

QB :

secondary quinone in Photosystem II

UV:

ultra violet light

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Institute of Marine and Coastal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA

    Paul G. Falkowski & Yi-Bu Chen

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  1. Paul G. Falkowski
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  2. Yi-Bu Chen
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  1. Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Beverley R. Green

  2. Biochemistry Department, University of Washington, Seattle, USA

    William W. Parson

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Falkowski, P.G., Chen, YB. (2003). Photoacclimation of Light Harvesting Systems in Eukaryotic Algae. In: Green, B.R., Parson, W.W. (eds) Light-Harvesting Antennas in Photosynthesis. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 13. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2087-8_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2087-8_15

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