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Social factors in immigration and emigration

  • Chapter
Animal Dispersal

Abstract

Social behaviour comprises behaviour directed at other individuals often for the purpose of affecting their actions, such as altering spacing, enhancing cohesiveness of group members, and establishing the order of access to resources. Because dispersal (emigration and immigration) of small mammals occurs in a social milieu, social behaviour has often been proposed as a cause of emigration or a limit to immigration. Likewise, social behaviour may in turn be affected by dispersal regimes; for example, emigration may decrease the incidence of aggressive behaviour as individuals become relatively more scarce. Social behaviour could also serve as an intervening variable correlated with but not directly a cause of particular dispersal patterns. Furthermore, social behaviour and dispersal may be connected by feedback loops such that a particular dispersal pattern may cause changes in social behaviour, which in turn may modify dispersal patterns. Types of social behaviour likely to be relevant to dispersal include aggressive behaviour (e.g. fighting, chasing, threatening postures), affiliative behaviour (e.g. naso-nasal contact, grooming), mating behaviour, and so-called altruistic behaviours (e.g. alarm calling, predator attraction through feigning injury, aiding in territory defence).

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  1. C. A. Brandt
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  1. Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Norway

    Nils Chr. Stenseth

  2. Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, USA

    William Z. Lidicker Jr

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Brandt, C.A. (1992). Social factors in immigration and emigration. In: Stenseth, N.C., Lidicker, W.Z. (eds) Animal Dispersal. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2338-9_5

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