Opposite to some common opinions the widest spread structural system of the multistory buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina is structural wall system with masonry walls and reinforced concrete walls. The country is situated in seismic active region of South-East Europe, divided in seismic zones with PGA of 0.1—0.2 g for 500 year return period, in some parts even PGA of 0.30—0.35 g. Traditional art of building comprises masonry structures from adobe and simple masonry to the one with manufactured brick units. The buildings older than approximate 60 years have usually wooden floors; later the R.C. floors have become the standard art of construction. After the earthquakes in Skopje in 1963 and especially after the earthquake in Montenegro in 1979 the confined masonry became more and more typical art of the masonry structures. Lessons learned form those earthquakes proved the vulnerability of unreinforced masonry buildings. Most of the multistory structures, especially residential buildings, in 1970s, 1980s and 1990s were constructed with R.C. walls, some of them with satisfactory level of earthquake-resistant design. Historic buildings are mostly built as robust unreinforced masonry structures with wooden floors, if any. Seismic vulnerability of buildings with masonry and R.C. walls were analyzed according to the recommendations of European Macroseismic Scale EMS-98 and damage grades were estimated. It is shown that some of the typical masonry buildings could suffer substantial damages when exposed to the earthquake motion, which corresponds to seismic zones in the country. Some structural elements of historical buildings, as domes and arches, crack already by moderate earthquake but without loss of stability. Some analytical procedures and construction methods for retrofit and strengthening are shown.
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Hrasnica, M. (2009). Damage Assessment for Masonry and Historic Buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In: Ibrahimbegovic, A., Zlatar, M. (eds) Damage Assessment and Reconstruction after War or Natural Disaster. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2386-5_13
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