Abstract
True random number generator (TRNG) designers should provide a stochastic model of the target of evaluation to be compliant with the AIS-31 standard evaluation process. In this paper, we present a model of a TRNG that extracts its randomness from the metastable behavior of a D-Latch. Such a model needs to be set up for the TRNG evaluation process. In this work, we describe and analyse the randomness coming from a chain of D-Latches when set near their metastable state. Then, we present a physical model of a metastability-based TRNG. The main novelty of this paper is the stochastic modeling process of a metastability-based TRNG. The presented model is validated on FPGA and a 65nm CMOS technology prototype chip.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
NIST: Recommendation for the entropy sources used for random bit generation (2012), http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-90/draft-sp800-90b.pdf
Schindler, W., Killmann, W.: A proposal for: Functionality classes for random number generators1 (September 2011)
Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) Publication 140-2. Security requirements for cryptographic modules (May 25, 2001), http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips140-2/fips1402.pdf
Mandal, M.K., Sarkar, B.C.: Ring oscillators: Characteristics and applications. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics 48, 136–145 (2010)
Korkmaz, P., Akgul, B.E.S., Palem, K.V.: Characterizing the behavior of a probabilistic cmos switch through analytical models and its verification through simulations (2005)
Simka, M., Drutarovsky, M., Fischer, V., Fayolle, J.: Model of a true random number generator aimed at cryptographic applications. In: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2006, p. 4 (May 2006)
Killmann, W., Schindler, W.: A design for a physical RNG with robust entropy estimators. In: Oswald, E., Rohatgi, P. (eds.) CHES 2008. LNCS, vol. 5154, pp. 146–163. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Xu, P., Horiuchi, T., Abshire, P.: Stochastic model and simulation of a random number generator circuit. In: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2008, pp. 2977–2980 (May 2008)
Kinniment, D.J., Chester, E.G.: Design of an on-chip random number generator using metastability. In: Proceedings of the 28th European Solid-State Circuit Conference (2002)
Danger, J.-L., Guilley, S., Hoogvorst, P.: High Speed True Random Number Generator based on Open Loop Structures in FPGAs. Microelectronics Journal 40(11), 1650–1656 (2009), doi:10.1016/j.mejo.2009.02.004
Suresh, V.B., Burleson, W.P.: Entropy extraction in metastability-based TRNG. In: HOST, pp. 135–140 (2010)
Majzoobi, M., Koushanfar, F., Devadas, S.: FPGA-based true random number generation using circuit metastability with adaptive feedback control. In: Preneel, B., Takagi, T. (eds.) CHES 2011. LNCS, vol. 6917, pp. 17–32. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Hata, H., Ichikawa, S.: Fpga implementation of metastability-based true random number generator. IEICE Transactions 95-D(2), 426–436 (2012)
Chen, D., Singh, D., Chromczak, J., Lewis, D., Fung, R., Neto, D., Betz, V.: A comprehensive approach to modeling, characterizing and optimizing for metastability in fpgas. In: Proceedings of the 18th Annual ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays, FPGA 2010, pp. 167–176. ACM, New York (2010)
Ginosar, R.: Metastability and synchronizers: A tutorial. IEEE Design Test of Computers 28(5), 23–35 (2011)
Veendrick, H.J.M.: The behaviour of flip-flops used as synchronizers and prediction of their failure rate. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 15(2), 169–176 (1980)
Trotter, H.F.: An elementary proof of the central limit theorem. Archiv der Mathematik 10, 226–234 (1959)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ben-Romdhane, M., Graba, T., Danger, JL. (2013). Stochastic Model of a Metastability-Based True Random Number Generator. In: Huth, M., Asokan, N., Čapkun, S., Flechais, I., Coles-Kemp, L. (eds) Trust and Trustworthy Computing. Trust 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7904. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38908-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38908-5_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-38907-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-38908-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)