Abstract
In many works dealing with knowledge representation, there is a temptation to extend the truth-set underlying a given logic with values expressing ignorance and contradiction. This is the case with partial logic and Belnap bilattice logic with respect to classical logic. This is also true in three-valued logics of rough sets. It is found again in interval-valued, and type two extensions of fuzzy sets. This paper shows that ignorance and contradiction cannot be viewed as additional truth-values nor processed in a truth-functional manner, and that doing it leads to weak or debatable uncertainty handling approaches.
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Dubois, D. (2010). Degrees of Truth, Ill-Known Sets and Contradiction. In: Bouchon-Meunier, B., Magdalena, L., Ojeda-Aciego, M., Verdegay, JL., Yager, R.R. (eds) Foundations of Reasoning under Uncertainty. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol 249. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10728-3_4
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