Abstract
Plant cell-based bioprocessing is the use of plant cell and tissue cultures for the production of biologically active substances (low molecular secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins). The most significant advantage of plant cell culture over the traditionally grown whole wild plant or engineered transgenic plant is the sterile production of metabolites under defined controlled conditions independent of climatic changes and soil conditions, which means that variations in product yield and quality can be better avoided. Furthermore, regulatory requirements such as the cGMP standards, which have to be adhered to in the early stages of pharmaceutical production, are more easily met.
Moreover, plant cells are capable of performing complex posttranslational processing, which is a precondition for heterologous protein expression. When compared with mammalian cells, which currently dominate in the commercial protein manufacture, plant cell cultures as alternative expression systems guarantee safer processes because there is a lower risk of contamination by mammalian viruses, pathogens, and toxins. In addition to this considerable advantage, the process costs can also be substantially reduced. This is due to the fact that plant cell culture medium is very simple in composition and therefore relatively inexpensive.
This chapter provides an overview of culture types, techniques, and suitable bioreactors used to produce secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins in plant cells. We describe plant cell culture basics, discuss key topics relevant to plant cell bioreactor engineering with application examples, and give an overview of approaches to improving productivity of plant cell-based processes.
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Abbreviations
- AAT:
-
alpha-1-antitrypsin
- ABA:
-
abscisic acid
- Ala:
-
alanine
- Arg:
-
arginine
- Asn:
-
asparagine
- B:
-
boron
- BAP:
-
6-benzylaminopurine
- BMP:
-
biomass productivity
- BSA:
-
bovine serum albumin
- BY-2:
-
Bright Yellow 2
- CER:
-
carbon dioxide evolution rate
- Co:
-
cobalt
- CO2 :
-
carbon dioxide
- Cu:
-
copper
- Cys:
-
cysteine
- C2H4 :
-
ethylene
- DCM:
-
dry cell mass (dry biomass concentration)
- DMSO:
-
dimethyl sulphoxide
- DS:
-
dry substance
- d:
-
day
- dw:
-
dry weight
- EDTA:
-
ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
- EPO:
-
erythropoietin
- FCM:
-
fresh cell mass (fresh biomass concentration)
- cGMP:
-
current Good Manufacturing Practice
- f:
-
final
- fw:
-
fresh weight
- g:
-
gram
- GA3 :
-
gibberellin A3
- GA4 :
-
gibberellin A4
- GA7 :
-
gibberellin A7
- GI:
-
growth index
- GM-CSF:
-
granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
- His:
-
histidine
- h:
-
hour
- HBsAg:
-
Hepatitis B surface antigen
- HSA:
-
human serum albumin
- H2O2 :
-
hydrogen peroxide
- I:
-
iodine
- i:
-
initial
- IAA:
-
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA:
-
indole-3-butyric acid
- Ile:
-
isoleucine
- IPC:
-
In-Process control
- JA:
-
jasmonic acid
- kDa:
-
kilodalton
- k La:
-
oxygen transfer coefficient
- klux:
-
kilolux
- KNO3 :
-
potassium nitrate
- L:
-
Liter
- l-DOPA:
-
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
- Leu:
-
leucine
- MCB:
-
master cell bank
- MeJA:
-
methyl jasmonate
- Met:
-
methionine
- mg:
-
milligram
- min:
-
minute
- mm:
-
millimeter
- Mn:
-
manganese
- Mo:
-
molybdenum
- MS:
-
medium Murashige and Skoog medium
- NAA:
-
naphthaleneacetic acid
- NaCl:
-
sodium chloride
- NT-1:
-
Nicotiana tabacum 1
- OUR:
-
oxygen uptake rate
- O2 :
-
oxygen
- pCV:
-
packed cell volume
- pCO2 :
-
part of dissolved carbon dioxide in the medium
- pO2 :
-
part of dissolved oxygen in the medium
- PEG:
-
polyethyleneglycol
- PMP:
-
plant-made pharmaceutical
- PVP:
-
polyvinylpyrrolodine
- PVS2:
-
plant vitrification solution 2
- r:
-
recombinant
- RA:
-
rosmarinic acid
- Ri:
-
root-inducing
- rpm:
-
revolution per minute
- T-DNA:
-
transfer DNA
- t:
-
cultivation time
- TSP:
-
total soluble protein
- tx:
-
point x in time
- V:
-
volume
- VEGF:
-
vascular endothelial growth factor
- vir :
-
virulence
- vvm:
-
volumes per volume per minute
- W:
-
watt
- WCB:
-
working cell bank
- Zn:
-
zinc
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 2,4,5-T:
-
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- μm:
-
micrometer
- μmole:
-
micromole
- °C:
-
degree Centrigrade
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Eibl, R., Eibl, D. (2009). Plant Cell-Based Bioprocessing. In: Cell and Tissue Reaction Engineering. Principles and Practice. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68182-3_8
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