Abstract
The technical committee developing the draft standard to describe all forms of solid biofuels within Europe (CEN/TC 335) has published 27 technical specifications for solid biofuels. The two most important are classification and specification (CEN/TS 14961) and quality assurance (CEN/TS 15234). Now these technical specifications are upgraded to full European standards (EN). Both these standards will be published as multipart standards. Part 1 – General requirements of EN 14961-1 includes all solid biofuels and is targeted for all user groups. The classification of solid biofuels is based on their origin and source and biofuels are divided to four sub-categories: (1) Woody biomass, (2) Herbaceous biomass, (3) Fruit biomass, and (4) Blends and mixtures. The quality tables were prepared only for major traded forms. Parts 2–6 are product standards, which are targeted for non-industrial use. Non-industrial use means fuel intended to be used in smaller appliances, such as in households and small commercial and public sector buildings. In the product standards all properties are normative and they are bound together to form a class, for example A1, A2, and B. Although these product standards may be obtained separately, it should be recognized that they require an understanding of the standards based on and supporting EN 14961-1. This chapter concentrates on Part 1 of EN 14961, which was published in 2010. The remaining five product standards are being drafted and are at the voting stage, with an expected publication date within 2010.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
Alakangas E (2009) European standards for solid biofuels – case wood pellets and wood chips, Riga 6 May 2009, Wood combustion and standards, Proc. Environ Climate Technol 13(2), pp 7–20
Alakangas E, Wiik C, Rathbauer J, Sulzbacher L, Kilgus D, Baumbach G, Grammelis P, Malliopoulou A, Naoum M, van Erp F, van Asselt B (2008) Used wood and chemically treated industrial wood residues and by-products in the EU. Part 2. Catalogue of used wood examples, BioNormII – Pre-normative research on solid biofuels for improved European standards, Project no. 038644, DIV6-Part 3. (www.bionorm2.eu)
Alakangas E (ed) (2009) Summary report of combustion test, BioNormII – Pre-normative research on solid biofuels for improved European standards, Project no. 038644, DIV7-Part 7. (www.bionorm2.eu)
Alakangas E (2009) Feedback on EN 14961 standards from industry and workshops Bio-NormII – Pre-normative research on solid biofuels for improved European standards, Project no. 038644, DIV6-Part 1. (www.bionorm2.eu)
Alakangas E, Wiik C, Lensu T (2007) CEN 335 – Solid biofuels, feedback from market actors, EUBIONET report – VTT Report VTT-R-00430-07, Jyväskylä 2007.
Alakangas E (2005) Experiences of using solid biofuel standards in biofuel trade and production, Proceedings. of the 14th European Biomass Conference, pp 17–21 October 2005, Paris,
Alakangas E, Levlin JE, Valtanen J (2005) Classification, specification and quality assurance for solid biofuels. Bioenergy in Wood Industry 2005 – International Bioenergy Conference and Exhibition – 12–15 September 2005, Jyväskylä, Finland, Proc. pp 307–312
Alakangas E, Levlin JE, Valtanen J (2006) CEN technical specifications for solid biofuels – fuel specification and classes, Biomass Bioenerg 30 11, pp 908–914
Alakangas E (2004) The European pellets standardisation – European Pellets Conference 3–4.3.2004, Wels Austria, Proceedings, pp 47–54
Alakangas E, Levlin JE, Valtanen J (2004) Fuel Specification and Classes, International Conference – Standardisation of Solid Biofuels, 6–7 October 2004, Leipzig, Germany, pp 57–66
EN 13556:2003 (2003) Round and sawn timber. Nomenclature of timbers used in Europe.
EN 303-5 (1999) , Heating boilers. Part 5: Heating boilers for solid fuels, hand and automatically stocked, nominal heat output of up to 300 kW. Terminology, requirements, testing and marking
EN15250 (2005), Slow heat release appliances fired by solid fuel – requirements and test methods
EN14961-1:2010 (2010) Solid biofuels – fuel specification and classes, Part 1 – General requirements. CEN (European Committee for Standardisation). January 2010.
Grammelis P, Malliopoulou A, Stamatis D, Lypiridis G (2009) Report of combustion tests, DIV.7 – Part 5.
Hartmann H, Turowski P, Ellner-Schuberth F, Winter S (2009) Fuel quality effects in wood log combustion – results from trials with a log wood boiler, TFZ, DIV.7 – Part 4,
EN 14588.2008 (2009) Solid biofuels – terminology, definitions and descriptions (final draft N68). January 2009.
EN 14961.2009 (2009) Solid biofuels – fuel specification and classes, Part 2 – Wood pellets for non-industrial use (draft document N192). May 2009.
EN 14961.2009 (2009) Solid biofuels – fuel specification and classes, Part 3 – Wood briquettetes for non-industrial use (draft document N194). May 2009.
EN 14961.2009 (2009) Solid biofuels – fuel specification and classes, Part 4 – Wood chips for non-industrial use (draft document N196). May 2009.
EN 14961.2009 (2009) Solid biofuels – fuel specification and classes, Part 5 – Wood logs for non-industrial use (draft document N198). May 2009.
EN 14961.2009 (2009) Solid biofuels – fuel specification and classes, Part 6 – Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use (draft document N200). May 2009.
EN 14961.2009 (2009) Solid biofuels – fuel quality assurance, Part 1 – General requirements (draft document N190). April 2009.
Oravainen H, Puolamäki K, Alakangas E (2009) Wood log combustion tests – slow heat release appliance. VTT. DIV.7-Part 1.
Oravainen H, Kolsi A, Alakangas E (2009) Wood log combustion tests – over-fire boiler, VTT, DIV.7-Part 2.
Sulzbacher L, Rathbauer J, Baumgartner H (2009) Pellet boiler combustion tests, FJ-BLT, DIV.7 – Part 3.
Wiik C, Alakangas E, Rathbauer J, Sulzbacher L, Kilgus D, Baumbach G, Grammelis P, Malliopoulou A, Naoum M, van Erp F, van Asselt B (2008) Used wood and chemically treated industrial wood residues and by products in the EU – Part 1, Classification, properties and practices, BioNormII – Pre-normative research on solid biofuels for improved European standards, Project no. 038644, DIV6-Part 2. (www.bionorm2.eu)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Alakangas, E. (2011). European Standards for Fuel Specification and Classes of Solid Biofuels. In: Grammelis, P. (eds) Solid Biofuels for Energy. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-393-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-393-0_2
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84996-392-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-84996-393-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)