Abstract
Spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy is one of several methods for the study of the magnetic microstructure of surfaces and thin films on surfaces. It is a non-scanning, full-field imaging method that allows much faster image aquisition than scanning methods, provided that the electrons are elastically backscattered along or close to the optical axis of the instrument. This is the case in single crystals and epitaxial films or films with strong fiber texture. After a brief introduction (6.1), this chapter first discusses the physics of the electron beam-specimen interaction that is the basis of SPLEEM (6.2). This is followed by a brief description of the experimental aspects of the method (6.3). The remaining part is devoted to the applications of SPLEEM mainly in the study of thin film systems (6.4). The final section (6.5) briefly summarizes the possibilities and limitations of the method.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
R.J. Celotta, D.T. Pierce, G.-C. Wang, S.D. Bader, and G.P. Felcher, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 728 (1979).
M.S. Altman, H. Pinkvos, J. Hurst, H. Poppa, G. Marx, and E. Bauer, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 232, 125 (1991).
J.C. Slater, Phys. Rev. 81, 385 (1951).
P. Hammerling, W.W. Shine, and B. Kivel, J Appl. Phys. 28, 760 (1957).
B. Kivel, Phys. Rev. 116, 926 (1959).
E. Bauer and H.N. Browne, in: Atomic Collision Processes, edit. by M. R. C. McDowell (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1964), p. 16.
H.N. Browne and E. Bauer, unpublished work.
P.A.M. Dirac, Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 26, 376 (1930).
J.C. Slater, T.M. Wilson, and J.H. Wood, Phys. Rev. 179, 28 (1969).
J. Kessler: Polarized Electrons (Springer, Berlin, 1985).
R. Feder, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 14, 2049 (1981).
R. Feder, Phys. Scripta T4, 47 (1983).
R. Feder and H. Pleyer, Surf. Sci. 117, 285 (1982).
C.L. Fu and A.J. Freeman, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 69, L1 (1987).
G. Waller and U. Gradmann, Phys. Rev B 26, 6330 (1982).
E. Tamura, R. Feder, G. Waller, and U. Gradmann, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 157, 627 (1990).
E. Tamura and R. Feder, Solid State Comm. 44, 1101 (1982).
A. Ormeci, B.M. Hall, and D.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. B 42, 4524 (1990).
A. Ormeci, B.M. Hall, and D.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. B 44, 12369 (1991).
K. Wagner, N. Weber, H.J. Elmers, and U. Gradmann, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 167, 21 (1997).
M. Plihal, D.L. Mills, H.J. Elmers, and U. Gradmann, Phys. Rev. B 51, 8193 (1995).
R. Feder, S.F. Alvarado, E. Tamura, and E. Kisker, Surf. Sci 127, 83 (1983).
G.A. Mulhollan, A.R. Koeymen, D.M. Lind, F.B. Dunning, E. Tamura, and R. Feder, Surf. Sci. 204, 503 (1988).
J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. B 30, 415 (1984).
H.J. Elmers and J. Hauschild, Surf. Sci. 320, 134 (1994).
T.L. Jones and D. Venus, Surf. Sci. 302, 126 (1994).
H.J. Elmers, Internat. J. Modern Phys. B 9, 3115 (1995).
H.J. Elmers, J. Hauschild, and U. Gradmann, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 140–144, 671 (1995).
H.J. Elmers, J. Hauschild, and U. Gradmann, Phys. Rev. B 54, 15224 (1996).
H.J. Elmers, J. Hauschild, G.H. Liu, and U. Gradmann, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 4984 (1996).
K.L. Man, M.S. Altman, and H. Poppa, Surf. Sci. 480, 163 (2001).
Th. Duden, R. Zdyb, M.S. Altman, and E. Bauer, Surf. Sci. 480, 145 (2001).
E. Bauer, T. Duden, H. Pinkvos, H. Poppa, and K. Wurm, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 156, 1 (1996).
T. Scheunemann, R. Feder, J. Henk, E. Bauer, T. Duden, H. Pinkvos, H. Poppa, H. and K. Wurm, Solid State Commun. 104, 787 (1997).
M.P. Gokhale, A. Ormeci, and D.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. B 46, 8978 (1992).
M. Plihal and D.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. B 58, 14407 (1998) and references therein.
J. Hong and D.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. B 62, 5589 (2000).
D.L. Abraham and H. Hopster, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1157 (1989).
H.C. Siegmann, Surf. Sci. 307–309, 1076 (1994).
J.C. Groebli, D. Oberli, and F. Meier, Phys. Rev. B 52, R 13095 (1995).
J. Hong and D.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. B 59, 13840 (1999).
P.J. Feibelman and D.E. Eastman, Phys. Rev. B 10, 4932 (1974).
E. Bauer, unpublished.
M.P. Gokhale and D.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2251 (1991).
D. Oberli, R. Burgermeister, S. Riesen, W. Weber, and H.C. Siegmann, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4228 (1998).
D.L. Abraham and H. Hopster, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2333 (1987).
C. Li, A.J. Freeman, and C.L. Fu, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 94, 134 (1991).
E. Bauer, Surf. Rev. Lett. 5, 1275 (1998).
E. Bauer, Rep. Prog. Phys. 57, 895 (1994).
T. Nakanishi, S. Okumi, K. Togawa, C. Takahashi, C. Suzuki, F. Furuta, T. Ida, K. Wada, T. Omori, Y. Kurihara, M. Tawada, M. Yoshioka, H. Horinaka, K. Wada, T. Matsuyama, T. Baba, and M. Mizuta, In CP421, Polarized Gas Targets and Polarized Beams, edit. by R.J. Holt and M.A. Miller (American Institute of Physics, 1998), p. 300.
D.T. Pierce, In: Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences, Vol. 29A, edit. by F.B. Dunning and R.G. Hulet (Academic Press), p. 1.
T. Duden and E. Bauer, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 2861 (1995).
E. Bauer, In: Handbook of Microscopy, Methods II, edit. by S. Amelinckx, D. van Dyck, J. van Landuyt, and G. van Tendeloo (VCH, Weinheim, 1997) p. 751.
K. Grzelakowski, T. Duden, E. Bauer, H. Poppa, and S. Chiang, IEEE Trans. Magnetics 30, 4500 (1994).
K. Grzelakowski and E. Bauer, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 742 (1996).
H. Pinkvos, H. Poppa, E. Bauer, and J. Hurst, Ultramicroscopy 47, 339 (1992).
T. Duden and E. Bauer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2308 (1996).
H. Pinkvos, H. Poppa, E. Bauer, and G.-M. Kim, In: Magnetism and Structure in Systems of Reduced Dimension, edit. by R. F. C. Farrow, B. Dieny, M. Donath, A. Fert, and B.D. Hermsmeier (Plenum Press, New York, 1993), p. 25.
K.L. Man, R. Zdyb, Y.J. Feng, C.T. Chan, M.S. Altman, and E. Bauer, to be published.
H. Fritsche, J. Kohlhepp, and U. Gradmann, Phys. Rev. B 51, 15933 (1995).
H. Knoppe and E. Bauer, Phys. Rev. B 48, 1794 (1993).
R. Allenspach, M. Stampanoni, and A. Bischof, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 3344 (1990).
M. Speckmann, H.P. Oepen, and H. Ibach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2035 (1995).
H.P. Oepen, Y.T. Millev, and J. Kirschner, J. Appl. Phys. 81, 5044 (1997).
H.P. Oepen, M. Speckmann, Y. Millev, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. B 55, 2752 (1997).
T. Duden and E. Bauer, MRS Symp. Proc. 475, 283 (1997).
M.S. Altman, H. Pinkvos, and E. Bauer, J. Magn. Soc. Jpn 19, 129 (1995).
T. Duden, Ph.D. thesis, TU Clausthal (1996).
B. Kaplan and A. Gehring, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 128, 111 (1993).
Y. Yafet and E.M. Gyorgy, Phys. Rev. B 38, 9145 (1988).
E.Y. Vedmedenko, H.P. Oepen, A. Ghazali, J.-C.S. Lévy, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5884 (2000).
R. Allenspach and A. Bischof, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3385 (1992).
T. Duden and E. Bauer, Phys. Rev. B 59, 468 (1999).
J.C. Slonczewski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3172 (1991).
J.C. Slonczewski, J. Appl. Phys. 73, 5957 (1993).
S. Demokritov, E. Tsymbal, P. Gruenberg, W. Zinn, and I.K. Schuller, Phys. Rev. B 49, 720 (1994).
R. Arias and D.L. Mills, Phys. Rev. B 59, 11871 (1999).
T. Duden and E. Bauer, Phys. Rev. B 59, 474 (1999).
T. Duden and E. Bauer, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 191, 301 (1999).
E.D. Tober, G. Witte, and H. Poppa, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 18, 1845 (2000).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bauer, E. (2005). SPLEEM. In: Hopster, H., Oepen, H.P. (eds) Magnetic Microscopy of Nanostructures. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26641-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26641-0_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-40186-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-26641-9
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)