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Chloroplast to Leaf

  • Chapter
Photosynthetic Adaptation

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 178))

Abstract

The central reactions of carbon processing in photosynthesis in plants occur in chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are one member of the plastid family of organelles, which are responsible for much of the biochemical flexibility of plants. All plant cells have plastids but the plastids of a cell can develop into a variety of organelles including amyloplasts, which store starch, and chromoplasts, which store pigments. Sugars are quantitatively the most significant result of carbon processing in chloroplasts but by no means are they the only essential products. Plastids are the site of production of the amino acids essential in animal diets, all of the fatty acids in the plants, carotenoids and other isoprenoids, and phenylpropanoids. Plastids also produce vitamins A (or its precursors), C, and E, as well as some of the B vitamins. The biochemical flexibility of carbon processing in plastids is a critical part of the success of plants. Some of the major products of carbon processing in the chloroplast and interactions with the rest of the cell are shown in Figure 7.1. In addition to carbon processing, plastids are the site where nitrogen and sulfur are reduced. Plants require large amounts of nitrogen for chlorophyll and proteins needed for carbon processing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Thomas D. Sharkey

  2. Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Sean E. Weise & Andrew J. Standish

  3. Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-16 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan

    Ichiro Terashima

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    Christa Critchley

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Sharkey, T.D., Weise, S.E., Standish, A.J., Terashima, I. (2004). Chloroplast to Leaf. In: Smith, W.K., Vogelmann, T.C., Critchley, C. (eds) Photosynthetic Adaptation. Ecological Studies, vol 178. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27267-4_7

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