Abstract
A simple method to tune the output pole of a passive mixer is proposed which leads to up to 33 dB improvement in an IEEE 802.15.4 standard compatible receiver’s IF section IIP 3. This method is used in the design of an ultra-low power receiver front-end which consumes just 2.2 mW from a 1-V supply while achieving a SSB NF of approximately 9 dB. The energy-aware architecture allows for a 70 % reduction in the nominal power consumption (down to 0.7 mW) under strong signal conditions while improving the receiver’s IIP 3 and not affecting the receiver’s input matching. The receiver is designed in a 0.18-μm RFCMOS technology.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kluge, W., Poegel, F., Roller, H., Lange, M., Ferchland, T., Dathe, L., Eggert, D.: A Fully Integrated 2.4-GHz IEEE 802.15.4-Compliant Transceiver for ZigBeeTM Applications. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 41(12), 2767–2775 (2006)
Perumana, B.G., Mukhopadhyay, R., Chakraborty, S., Lee, C.-H., Laskar, J.: A low-power fully monolithic subthreshold CMOS receiver with integrated LO generation for 2.4 GHz wireless PAN applications. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 43(10), 2229–2238 (2008)
Cook, B.W., Berny, A., Molnar, A., Lanzisera, S., Pister, K.S.J.: Low-Power 2.4-GHz Transceiver With Passive RX Front-End and 400-mV Supply. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 41(12), 2757–2766 (2006)
Camus, M., Butaye, B., Garcia, L., Sié, M., Pellat, B., Parra, T.: A 5.4 mW/0.07 mm2 2.4 GHz Front end Receiver in 90 nm CMOS for IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN Standard. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 43(6), 1372–1383 (2008)
Nguyen, T.-K., Oh, N.-J., Hoang, V.-H., Lee, S.-G.: A Low-Power CMOS Direct Conversion Receiver With 3-dB NF and 30-kHz Flicker Noise Corner for 915-MHz Band IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee standard. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 54(2), 735–741 (2006)
Nam, I., Choi, K., Lee, J., Cha, H.-K., Seo, B.-I., Kwon, K., Lee, K.: A 2.4-GHz Low-Power Low-IF Receiver and Direct-Conversion Transmitter in 0.18-μm CMOS for IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN Applications. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 55(4), 682–689 (2007)
Do, A.V., Boon, C.C., Do, M.A., Yeo, K.S., Cabuk, A.: An Energy-Aware CMOS Receiver Front End for Low Power 2.4-GHz Applications. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems – I: Regular Papers 57(10), 2675–2684 (2010)
Boon, C.C., Do, M.A., Yeo, K.S., Ma, J.G.: Fully Integrated CMOS Fractional-N Frequency Divider for Wide-Band Mobile Applications with Spurs Reduction. IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems- I 52(6), 1042–1048 (2005)
Meaamar, A., Boon, C.C., Yeo, K.-S., Do, M.A.: A Wideband Low Power Low-Noise Amplifier in CMOS Technology. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 57(4), 773–782 (2010)
IEEE 802.15.4 Standard For Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (2003)
Cook, B.W.: Low Energy RF Transceiver Design, PhD Thesis, University of California at Berkeley, May 16 (2007)
Do, A.V., Boon, C.C., Do, M.A., Yeo, K.S., Cabuk, A.: A 1-V CMOS Ultralow-Power Receiver Front End for the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard Using Tuned Passive Mixer Output Pole. Accepted for Presentation at the IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration, September 27-29 (2010)
Gorday, P.: “802.15.4 Multipath”, Internet (July 2004), https://mentor.ieee.org/802.15/file/04/15-04-0337-00-004b-802-15-4-multipath.ppt (October 2009)
Nguyen, T.-K., Krizhanovskii, V., Lee, J., Oh, N.-J., Han, S.-K., Lee, S.-G., Kim, N.-S., Pyo, C.-S.: A Low-Power RF Direct-Conversion Receiver/Transmitter for 2.4-GHz-Band IEEE 802.15.4 Standard in 0.18-μm CMOS Technology. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 54(12), 4062–4071 (2006)
Crols, J., Steyaert, M.S.J.: Low-IF Topologies for High-Performance Analog Front Ends of Fully Integrated Receivers. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 45(3), 269–282 (1998)
Middlebrook, R.D.: The general feedback theorem: a final solution for feedback systems. IEEE Microwave Magazine 7(2), 50–63 (2006)
Sansen, W.: Distortion in Elementary Transistor Circuits. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems – II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 46(3), 315–325 (1999)
Abidi, A.A.: General Relations Between IP2, IP3, and Offsets in Differential Circuits and the Effects of Feedback. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 51(5), 1610–1612 (2003)
Johns, D.A., Martin, K.: Continuous-Time Filters. In: Analog Integrated Circuit Design, ch. 15, Section 15.2-15.5, pp. 584–620. John Wiley and Sons (1997)
Do, A.V., Boon, C.C., Do, M.A., Yeo, K.S., Cabuk, A.: A Subthreshold Low-Noise Amplifier Optimized for Ultra-Low-Power Applications in the ISM Band. IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Tech. 56(2), 286–292 (2008)
Ludwig, R., Bretchko, P.: RF Transistor Amplifier Designs. In: RF Circuit Design, ch.9, Section 9.2-9,4, pp. 465–502. Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River (2000)
Lee, T.H.: LNA Design. In: The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits, 2nd edn., ch.12, pp. 365–380. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2004)
Kurokawa, K.: Power Waves and the Scattering Matrix. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 13(2) (March 1965)
Johns, D.A., Martin, K.: Continuous-Time Filters. In: Analog Integrated Circuit Design, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, ch.15, pp. 574–647. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (1997)
Bernier, C., Hameau, F., Billiot, G., de Foucauld, E., Robinet, S., Durupt, J., Dehmas, F., Mercier, E., Vincent, P., Ouvry, L., Lattard, D., Gary, M., Bour, C., Prouvee, J., Dumas, S.: An ultra low power 130nm CMOS direct conversion transceiver for IEEE802.15.4. In: IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium, pp. 273–276 (April & June 2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
Do, A.V.T., Boon, C.C., Krishna, M.V., Do, A.M., Yeo, K.S. (2012). A 1-V CMOS Ultralow-Power Receiver Front End for the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard Using Tuned Passive Mixer Output Pole. In: Ayala, J.L., Atienza Alonso, D., Reis, R. (eds) VLSI-SoC: Forward-Looking Trends in IC and Systems Design. VLSI-SoC 2010. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol 373. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28566-0_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28566-0_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28565-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-28566-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)