Summary
Most technical systems envisioned in organic computing are assumed to be complex, consisting of a large number of interacting components, self-organizing and exhibiting emergent behavior. As is argued in this chapter, a system’s emergent properties surface only after realization or during a simulation simulation of all interacting components. Thus, the usual “top-down top-down” and “bottom-up bottom-up” design paradigmsparadigm have severe limitations when it comes to emergenceInstead, the use of evolutionary computation is advocated for the automated, simulation-based design of organic computing systems with emergent behavior.
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Branke, J., Schmeck, H. (2009). Evolutionary Design of Emergent Behavior. In: Organic Computing. Understanding Complex Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77657-4_6
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