Abstract
In this article, we propose the design of sensory motor level as part of a three-layered agent architecture inspired from the Multilevel Process Theory of Emotion (Leventhal 1979, 1980; Leventhal and Scherer, 1987). Our project aims at modeling emotions on an autonomous embodied agent, a more robust robot than our previous prototype. Our robot has been equipped with sonar and vision for obstacle avoidance as well as vision for face recognition, which are used when she roams around the hallway to engage in social interactions with humans. The sensory motor level receives and processes inputs and produces emotion-like states without any further willful planning or learning. We describe: (1) the psychological theory of emotion which inspired our design, (2) our proposed agent architecture, (3) the needed hardware additions that we implemented on the commercialized ActivMedia’s robot, (4) the robot’s multi-modal interface designed especially to engage humans in natural (and hopefully pleasant) social interaction, and finally (5) our future research efforts.
Access provided by Autonomous University of Puebla. Download to read the full chapter text
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
References
ActivMedia (2002), http://www.activmedia.com
Arkin, R.C.: Behavior-Based Robotics. MIT Press, Cambridge (1998)
Breazeal, C., Scassellati, B.: Infant-like Social Interactions Between a Robot and a Human Caretaker. Special issue of Adaptive Behavior on Simulation Models of Social Agents, guest editor Kerstin Dautenhahn (2000)
Breazeal, C.: Emotion and sociable humanoid robots. International Journal of Human Computer Studies 59, 119–155 (2003)
Brooks, R., Flynn, A.: Fast, Cheap, and Out of Control. AI Memo 1182, MIT AI Laboratory (1989)
Brown, S., Lisetti, C., Marpaung, A.: Cherry, the Little Red Robot with a Mission and a Personality. In: Working Notes of the AAAI Fall Symposium Series on Human-Robot Interaction, Cape Cod, MA, November 2002, AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2002)
Casper, J.: Human-robot interactions during the robot-assisted urban search and rescue response at the World Trade Center. MS Thesis, Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida (April 2002)
Casper, J., Murphy, R.: Workflow study on human-robot interaction in USAR. In: Proceedings of ICRA 2002, pp. 1997–2003 (2002)
Ekman, P., Friesen, W.: The Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologist Press, San Francisco (1978)
El-Nasr, M.S., Yen, J., Ioerger, T.: FLAME - A Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Model of Emotions. Automous Agents and Multi-agent Systems 3, 219–257 (2000)
Grizard, A., Lisetti, C.: Generation of Facial Emotional Expressions Based on Psychological Theory. In: Notes of the 1st Workshop Emotion and Computing, 29th Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Universität Bremen, Germany (June 2006)
Identix Inc. (2002), http://www.identix.com
Leventhal, H.: A perceptual-motor processing model of emotion. In: Pilner, P., Blankenstein, K., Spigel, I.M. (eds.) Perception of emotion in self and others, vol. 5, pp. 1–46. Plenum, New York (1979)
Leventhal, H.: Toward a comprehensive theory of emotion. In: Berkowitz, L. (ed.) Advances in experimental social Psychology, vol. 13, pp. 139–207. Academic Press, New York (1980)
Leventhal, H., Scherer, K.: The relationship of emotion to cognition: A functional approach to a semantic controversy. Cognition and Emotion 1(1), 3–28 (1987)
Lisetti, C., et al.: A Social Informatics Approach to Human-Robot Interaction with an Office Service Robot. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Special Issue on Human Robot Interaction 34(2) (2004)
Lisetti, C.L., Nasoz, F.: MAUI: A Multimodal Affective User Interface. In: Proceedings of the ACM Multimedia International Conference 2002, Juan les Pins, France (December 2002)
Marpaung, A.: Social Robots with Emotion State Generator Enhancing Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). Master’s thesis. University of Central Florida, in progress (2004)
Murphy, R.R.: Use of Scripts for Coordinating Perception and Action. In: Proceedings of IROS-96 (1996a)
Murphy, R.R.: Biological and Cognitive Foundations of Intelligent Sensor Fusion. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 26(1), 42–51 (1996b)
Murphy, R.R.: Dempster-Shafer Theory for Sensor Fusion in Autonomous Mobile Robots. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 14(2) (1998)
Murphy, R.R.: Introduction to AI Robotics. MIT Press, Cambridge (2000)
Murphy, R.R., et al.: Emotion-Based Control of Cooperating Heterogeneous Mobile Robots. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 18 (2002)
Paleari, M., Lisetti, C.: Psychologically Grounded Avatar Expression. In: Notes of the 1st Workshop Emotion and Computing, 29th Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Universität Bremen, Germany (June 2006)
Picard, R.W.: Affective Computing. MIT Press, Cambridge (1997)
Scherer, K.: Emotion as a multicomponent process: A model and some cross-cultural data. In: Shaver, P. (ed.) Review of personality and social psychology. Vol. 5. Emotions, relationships and health, pp. 37–63. Sage, Beverly Hills (1984)
Scherer, K.: Vocal affect expression: A review and a model for future research. Psychological Bulletin 99, 143–165 (1986)
Smith, C.A., Ellsworth, P.C.: Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48, 813–838 (1985)
Villon, O., Lisetti, C.: Toward Building Adaptive User’s Psycho-physiological Maps of Emotions using Bio-Sensors. In: Notes of the 1st Workshop Emotion and Computing, 29th Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Universität Bremen, Germany (June 2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lisetti, C.L., Marpaung, A. (2007). Affective Cognitive Modeling for Autonomous Agents Based on Scherer’s Emotion Theory. In: Freksa, C., Kohlhase, M., Schill, K. (eds) KI 2006: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. KI 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 4314. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69912-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69912-5_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-69911-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69912-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)