Zusammenfassung
Epidemiologische Untersuchungen dokumentieren seit langem Geschlechterunterschiede in der Häufigkeit und Symptomatik psychiatrischer Krankheitsbilder. Bekannteste Beispiele sind das frühere Auftreten und der schwierigere Verlauf der Schizophrenie bei Männern und die höhere Vulnerabilität von Frauen gegenüber depressiven Störungen und Angsterkrankungen. Ging man zunächst allein von kulturellen und sozialen Faktoren und dem Einfluss der Geschlechterrolle als ursächlich aus, so traten in den letzten Jahren zunehmend biologische Geschlechterunterschiede in den Vordergrund der Forschung. Beispielsweise gilt eine Einflussnahme der Sexualhormone sowohl auf die Architektur als auch auf die Nervenzellübertragung im Gehirn mittlerweile als gesichert. Bindungsstellen (Rezeptoren) für Sexualhormone finden sich im gesamten Gehirn, in höchster Konzentration jedoch in Regionen, die für emotionale Verarbeitung und Kognition verantwortlich sind. Das bei Personen mit männlichen Gonaden im Mutterleib aktivierte Testosteron führt zu einer geschlechterspezifischen Organisation des Gehirns und zu Geschlechterunterschieden in neuropsychologischen Markern. Im späteren Lebensverlauf kann die natürliche und künstliche Fluktuation der Hormone die Intensität und Reizschwelle für Emotionen modulieren und kognitive Fähigkeiten beeinflussen.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Literatur
Abel, Kathryn M.; Drake, Richard & Goldstein, Jill M. (2010): Sex differences in schizophrenia. International review of psychiatry 22(5): 417–428
Alonso, Jordi; Angermeyer, Matthias C.; Bernert, Sebastian; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Brugha, Traolach S.; Bryson, Heather; de Girolamo, Giovanny et al. (2004): Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 109(s420): 21–27
Anderson, Charles B. & Bulik, Cynthia M. (2004): Gender differences in compensatory behaviors, weight and shape salience, and drive for thinness. Eating behaviors 5(1): 1–11
Austin, Marie-Paule (2010): Classification of mental health disorders in the perinatal period: future directions for DSM-V and ICD-11. Archives of Women’s Mental Health 13(1): 41–44
Austin, Marie-Paule; Hadzi-Pavlovic, Dusan; Priest, Susan R.; Reilly, Nicole; Wilhelm, Kay; Saint, Karen & Parker, Gordon (2010): Depressive and anxiety disorders in the postpartum period: how prevalent are they and can we improve their detection? Archives of Women’s Mental Health 13(5): 395–401
Arolt, Volker (Hrsg.) (2007): Geschlechtsspezifische Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag
Baldinger, Pia; Kranz, Gottfried; Höflich, Anna; Savli, Markus; Stein, Patrycja; Lanzenberger, Rupert & Kasper, Siegfried (2012): Hormonersatztherapie und deren Wirkung auf Psyche und Gehirn. Der Nervenarzt 84(1): 14–19
Bao, Ai-Min & Swaab, Dick F. (2011): Sexual differentiation of the human brain: Relation to gender identity, sexual orientation and neuropsychiatric disorders. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 32(2): 214–226
Brockington, Ian (2004): Diagnosis and management of post-partum disorders: a review. World Psychiatry 3(2): 89
Cahill, Larry (2006): Why sex matters for neuroscience. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 7(6): 477–484
Cahill, Larry (2010): Sex influences on brain and emotional memory: the burden of proof has shifted. Progress in brain research 186: 29–40
Chlebowski, RowanT.; Anderson, Garnet L.; Gass, Margery; Lane, Dorothy S.; Aragaki, Aaron K.; Kuller, Lewis H.; Manson, Joann E.; Stefanick, Marcia L.; Ockene, Judith; Sarto, Gloria E.; Johnson, Karen C.; Wactawski-Wende, Jean; Ravdin, Peter M.; Schenken, Robert; Hendrix, Susan L.; Rajkovic, Aleksandar; Rohan, Thomas E.; Yasmeen, Shagufta & Prentice, Ross L. (2010): WHI Investigators. Estrogen plus progestin and breast cancer incidence and mortality in postmenopausal women. Journal of the American Medical Association 304(15): 1684–92
Colangelo, Laura A.; Sharp, Lisa; Kopp, Peter; Scholtens, Denise; Chiu, Brian C.-H.; Liu, Kiang & Gapstur, Susan M. (2007): Total testosterone, androgen receptor polymorphism, and depressive symptoms in young black and white men: The CARDIA Male Hormone Study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32(8–10): 951–958
Degenhardt, Louisa; Whiteford, Harvey A.; Ferrari, Alize J.; Baxter, Amanda J.; Charlson, Fiona J.; Hall, Wayne D.; Fredman, Greg; Burstein, Roy; Johns, Nicole; Engell, Rebecca E.; Flaxman, Abraham; Murray, Christopher J. & Vos, Theo (2013): Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet 382(9904): 1564–1574
Diflorio, Arianna & Jones, Ian (2010): Is sex important? Gender differences in bipolar disorder. International review of psychiatry 22(5): 437–452
Eriksson, Elias; Ekman, Agneta; Sinclair, Suzanne; Sörvik, Karin; Ysander, Christina; Mattson, Ulla-Britt & Nissbrandt H. (2008): Escitalopram administered in the luteal phase exerts a marked and dose-dependent effect in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology 28(2): 195–202
Ferrari, Alize J.; Baxter, Amanda J. & Whiteford, Harvey A. (2011): A systematic review of the global distribution and availability of prevalence data for bipolar disorder. Journal of affective disorders 134(1–3): 1–13
Foisner, Wolfgang (Hrsg.) (2012): Wechseljahre: Natürlich durchs Klimakterium. Wien: Verlagshaus der Ärzte
Forman-Hoffman, Valerie L.; Watson, T. L. & Andersen, Arnold E. (2008): Eating disorder age of onset in males: distribution and associated characteristics. Eating and weight disorders 13(2): e28–31
Franke, Alexa & Kämmerer, Annette (2001): Klinische Psychologie der Frau. Göttingen: Hogrefe Verlag
Goldstein, Jill M.; Seidman, Larry J.; Horton, Nicholas J.; Makris, Nikos; Kennedy, David N.; Caviness, Verne S.; Faraone, Steven V. & Tsuang, Ming T. (2001): Normal sexual dimorphism of the adult human brain assessed by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral cortex 11(6): 490–497
Grieve, Frederick G. (2007): A conceptual model of factors contributing to the development of muscle dysmorphia. Eating disorders 15(1): 63–80
Häfner, Heinz (2003): Gender differences in schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28(Suppl. 2): 17–54
Heron, Jessica; Craddock, Nick & Jones, Ian (2005): Postnatal euphoria: are „the highs” an indicator of bipolarity?: Bipolar Disorders 7(2): 103–110
Hines, Melissa (2003): Sex steroids and human behavior: prenatal androgen exposure and sex-typical play behavior in children. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1007: 272–282
Hines, Melissa (2005): Brain Gender. New York: Oxford University Press
Hines, Melissa (2010): Sex-related variation in human behavior and the brain. Trends in cognitive sciences 14(10): 448–456
Höfer, Peter; Lanzenberger, Rupert & Kasper, Siegfried (2012): Testosterone in the brain: Neuroimaging findings and the potential role for neuropsychopharmacology. European Neuropsychopharmacology 23(2): 79–88
Jones, Ian (2010): DSMV: The Perinatal Onset Specifier for Mood Disorders. dsm5.org. http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/Mood%20Disorders%20Work%20Group/Ian%20Jones%20memo-post-partum.pdf (letzter Zugriff 15.08.2012)
Keating, Charlotte; Tilbrook, Alan & Kulkarni, Jayashri (2011): Oestrogen: an overlooked mediator in the neuropsychopharmacology of treatment response? The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 14(4): 553–566
Kessler, Ronald C.; Chiu, Wai Tat; Demler, Olga & Walters, Ellen E. (2005): Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of general psychiatry 62(6): 617–627
Klose, Michael & Jacobi, Frank (2004): Can gender differences in the prevalence of mental disorders be explained by sociodemographic factors? Archives of Women’s Mental Health 7(2): 133–148
Kornstein, Susan G.; Sloan, Diane M. E. & Thase, Michael E. (2003): Gender-specific differences in depression and treatment response. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(4): 99–112
Lanzenberger, Rupert; Mitterhauser, Markus; Kranz, Georg S.; Spindelegger, Christoph et al. (2011): Progesterone level predicts serotonin-1a receptor binding in the male human brain. Neuroendocrinology 94(1): 84–8
Lenroot, Rhoshel K. & Giedd, Jay N. (2010): Sex differences in the adolescent brain. Brain and cognition 72(1): 46–55
Lentner, Susanne (2009): Männer – Frauen – Sucht. Spectrum Psychiatrie. http://www.medmedia.at/medien/spectrumpsychiatrie/artikel/2009/11/8412_03-09_Maenner.php (letzter Zugriff 16.08.2012)
Marx, Christine E.; Bradford, Daniel W.; Hamer, Robert M.; Naylor, Jennifer C.; Allen, Trina B.; Lieberman, Jeffrey A.; Strauss, Jennifer L. et al. (2011): Pregnenolone as a novel therapeutic candidate in schizophrenia: emerging preclinical and clinical evidence. Neuroscience 191: 78–90
McCarthy, Margaret M. (2010): How it’s Made: Organisational Effects of Hormones on the Developing Brain. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 22(7): 736–742
McCarthy, Margaret M. & Arnold, Arthur P. (2011): Reframing sexual differentiation of the brain. Nature neuroscience 14(6): 677–683
Möller-Leimkühler, Anne Maria (2000): Men and depression: gender-related help-seeking behavior. Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie 68(11): 489–495
Möller-Leimkühler, Anne Maria (2007): Geschlechtsrolle und psychische Erkrankung. In: Arolt (2007): 470–484
McEwen, Bruce S. & Alves, Stephen E. (1999): Estrogen actions in the central nervous system. Endocrine Reviews 20(3): 279–307
Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan (2004): Gender differences in risk factors and consequences for alcohol use and problems. Clinical Psychology Review 24(8): 981–1010
O’Brien, Patrick M. S.; Bäckström, Torbjorn; Brown, Candace; Dennerstein, Lorraine; Endicott, Jean; Epperson, Cynthia Neill; Eriksson, Elias et al. (2011): Towards a consensus on diagnostic criteria, measurement and trial design of the premenstrual disorders: the ISPMD Montreal consensus. Presented at the Archives of women’s mental health 14: 13–21
Pearlstein, Teri & Steiner, Meir (2008): Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: burden of illness and treatment update. Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience: 33(4): 291–301
Pines, Amos (2011): Male menopause: is it a real clinical syndrome? Climacteric, the journal of the International Menopause Society 14(1): 15–17
Rasgon, Natalie; Shelton, Stephanie & Halbreich, Uriel (2005): Perimenopausal mental disorders: epidemiology and phenomenology. CNS spectrums 10(6): 471–478
Riecher-Rössler, Anita (2002): Oestrogen effects in schizophrenia and their potential therapeutic implications-review. Archives of Women’s Mental Health 5(3): 111–118
Rohde, Anke (2007a): Schwangerschaft und Postpartalzeit. In: Arolt (2007): 520–532
Rohde, Anke (2007b): Menopause und „Andropause”. In: Arolt (2007): 550–555
Rutter, Michael; Caspi, Avhalom & Moffitt, Terrie E. (2003): Using sex differences in psychopathology to study causal mechanisms: unifying issues and research strategies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 44(8): 1092–1115
Sánchez, Maria Gabriela; Bourque, Mélanie; Morissette, Marc & Di Paolo, Thérèse (2010): Steroids-Dopamine Interactions in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of CNS Disorders. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 16(3): e43–e71
Schober, Renate & Annis, Helen M. (1996): Barriers to help-seeking for change in drinking: a gender-focused review of the literature. Addictive behaviors 21(1): 81–92
Seeman, Mary V. & Lang, Marisa (1990): The role of estrogens in schizophrenia gender differences. Schizophr Bull 16(2): 185–194
Shumaker, Sally A.; Legault, Claudine; Kuller, Lewis; Rapp, Stephen R.; Thal, Leon; Lane, Dorothy S.; Fillit, Howard; Stefanick, Marcia L.; Hendrix, Susan L.; Lewis, Cora E.; Masaki, Kamal & Coker, Laura H. (2004): Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study. Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study. Journal of the American Medical Association 291(24): 2947–58
Slabbekoorn, Ditte; van Goozen, Stephanie H. M.; Megens, Jos; Gooren, Louis J. G. & Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T. (1999): Activating effects of cross-sex hormones on cognitive functioning: a study of short-term and long-term hormone effects in transsexuals. Psychoneuroendocrinology 24(4): 423–447
Smink, Frédérique R. E.; van Hoeken, Daphne & Hoek, Hans W. (2012): Epidemiology of eating disorders: incidence, prevalence and mortality rates. Current psychiatry reports 14(4): 406–414
Stein, Patrycja (2012): Wirkung der weiblichen Hormone auf das Gehirn und Bedeutung für das Klimakterium. In: Foisner (2012): 163–176
Stein, Patrycja; Savli, Markus; Wadsak, Wolfgang; Mitterhauser, Markus; Fink, Martin; Spindelegger, Christoph; Mien, Leonhard-Key et al. (2008): The serotonin-1A receptor distribution in healthy men and women measured by PET and [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 35(12): 2159–2168
Van Wingen, Guido A.; Ossewaarde, Lindsay; Bäckström, Thorbjorn; Hermans, Erno J. & Fernández, Guillén (2011): Gonadal hormone regulation of the emotion circuitry in humans. Neuroscience 191: 38–45
Wålinder, Jan & Rutz, Wolfgang (2001): Male depression and suicide. International clinical psychopharmacology 16(Suppl. 2): S21–S24
Weich, Scott; Sloggett, Andy & Lewis, Glyn (1998): Social roles and gender difference in the prevalence of common mental disorders. The British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science 173(6): 489–493
Werling, Donna M. & Geschwind, Daniel H. (2013): Sex differences in autism spectrum disorders. Current Opinion in Neurology 26(2): 146–153
Whittle, Sarah; Yücel, Murat; Yap, Marie B. H. & Allen, Nicholas B. (2011): Sex differences in the neural correlates of emotion: Evidence from neuroimaging. Biological psychology 87(3): 319–333
Weissman, Myrna M. & Olfson, Mark (1995): Depression in women: implications for health care research. Science 269(5225): 799–801
Wieck, Angelika (2011): Oestradiol and psychosis: clinical findings and biological mechanisms. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 8: 173–187
Winkler, Dietmar; Pjrek, Edda & Kasper, Siegfried (2005): Anger Attacks in Depression – Evidence for a Male Depressive Syndrome. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 74(5): 303–307
Witte, A. Veronica; Savli, Markus; Holik, Alexander; Kasper, Siegfried & Lanzenberger, Rupert (2010): Regional sex differences in grey matter volume are associated with sex hormones in the young adult human brain. NeuroImage 49(2): 1205–1212
Yonkers, Kimberly Ann; O’Brien, P. M. Shaughn & Eriksson, Elias (2008): Premenstrual syndrome. Lancet 371(9619): 1200–1210
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Huf, P., Kasper, S. (2016). Geschlechterspezifische Aspekte psychiatrischer Erkrankungen. In: Hornberg, C., Pauli, A., Wrede, B. (eds) Medizin - Gesundheit - Geschlecht. Geschlecht und Gesellschaft, vol 55. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-19013-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-19013-6_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer VS, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-531-18321-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-531-19013-6
eBook Packages: Social Science and Law (German Language)