Abstract
The materials engineer must know not only how to measure flow, but also how to produce it. Some methods of producing flow and vacuum, such as gravity flow and suction lift, are well known, but there are many types of fans, pumps, and flow devices which are often required and used in materials laboratories and materials processing. Vacuum technology is a crucial part of materials processing and in materials science and engineering. Basic uses of vacuums include removal of gas molecules to permit travel of electrons, atoms, and ions through a required distance, removal of chemically active gases, decreasing the gas density to minimize heat transfer, refinement of melts, and controlled deposition of thin films on substrates. Keeping in mind that this is a textbook on transport phenomena, we have limited our presentation of vacuum technology to only several pages, and at that much of the presentation is qualitative and descriptive. We urge all readers involved in vacuum technology to immerse themselves in books devoted to this subject.1,2
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Notes
M. H. Hablanian, High-Vacuum Technology, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 1990.
J. F. O’Hanlon, A User’s Guide to Vaccum Technology, Second edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1989, pages 35–42.
* This equation is derived from data presented in the report by J. D. Kapner and Kun Li, Mixing Phenomena of Turbulent Supersonic Jets, American Iron and Steel Inst., June 26, 1967.
* This table is taken from J. M. Lafferty, Techniques of High Vacuum, General Electric Report No. 64-RL-3791G, 1964.
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© 2016 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
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Poirier, D.R., Geiger, G.H. (2016). Flow and Vacuum Production. In: Transport Phenomena in Materials Processing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48090-9_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48090-9_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
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