Abstract
The consequences of exposure to drugs, radiation, and environmental toxicants on reproduction and development are a growing concern. The extent to which paternal exposures contribute to human infertility and pregnancy loss is unknown. Several epidemiological studies presented at this conference and in the literature show that certain paternal occupations, e.g. as a welder, painter, auto mechanic, or fireman, involving exposure to metals, combustion products, solvents, and pesticides, are associated with an increase in spontaneous abortions, birth defects, and childhood cancer (Savitz et al, 1994; Ries et al., 1999; Olshan and van Wijngaarden, this volume; Bonde et al, this volume). In most instances, investigators have not identified specific chemical or exposure paradigms as causative for male-mediated adverse effects on progeny outcome. First, the exposures are usually to a plethora of chemicals; with rare exceptions, there are no data on dose, duration of exposure, or potential chemical interactions. Second, in humans, infertility and pregnancy loss are very frequent events; to demonstrate a significant increase would require both a large study population and a marked augmentation in risk. Consequently, studies of the mechanisms by which paternal exposures adversely affect progeny outcome are essential for us to understand how alterations in the male affect fertility and progeny and to provide the scientific basis for the development of biomarkers for risk assessment.
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Robaire, B., Hales, B.F. (2003). Mechanisms of Action of Cyclophosphamide as a Male-Mediated Developmental Toxicant. In: Robaire, B., Hales, B.F. (eds) Advances in Male Mediated Developmental Toxicity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 518. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9190-4_14
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