Abstract
We developed an all optic-fiber waveguide-coupled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor using zirconium disulfide (ZrS2) and poly-dopamine (PDA) as the dielectric layer and biological cross-linker, respectively. This sensor can be employed to monitor the entire process of the C-reactive protein (CRP) sensing, including antibody modification and antigen detection. The design and the optimization of the optical fiber waveguide-coupled SPR sensor were realized, based on the transfer matrix method and first-principles calculations. The sensor was fabricated and characterized according to the optimized parameters. The experimental setup was implemented to measure the entire process of antibody modification and antigen detection for CRP with the detection limit of 3.21 pmol·mL−1, and the specificity tests were also carried out.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
W. Wang, Z. Mai, Y. Chen, J. Wang, and L. Li, “A label-free fiber optic SPR biosensor for specific detection of C-reactive protein,” Scientific Reports, 2017, 7: 16904.
N. Barka, J. Tomasi, and S. Stadtsbaeder, “Use of whole Streptococcus pneumoniae cells as a solid phase sorbent for C-reactive protein measurement by ELISA,” Journal of Immunological Methods, 1985, 82(1): 57–63.
H. Harma, J. Toivonen, and J. Soini, “Time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay for C-reactive protein using colloidal semiconducting nanoparticles,” Sensors, 2011, 11(12): 11335–11342.
O. Senju, Y. Takagi, and R. Uzawa, “A new immuno quantitative method by latex agglutination–application for the determination of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and its clinical significance,” Journal of Clinical Immunology, 1986, 19(2): 99–103.
A. Sharma, R. Jha, and B. Gupta, “Fiber-optic sensors based on surface plasmon resonance: a comprehensive review,” IEEE Sensors Journal, 2007, 7(8): 1118–1129.
J. Ma, T. Liu, J. Jiang, K. Liu, S. Wang, and Z. Zhang, “Progress in sensitivity enhancement for optical fibre surface plasmon resonance sensing,” Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2021, 48(19): 1906002.
Y. Zhang, C. Liao, C. Lin, Y. Shao, and Y. Wang, “Surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensor based on fiber-interface waveguide inscribed by femtosecond laser,” Optics Letters, 2019, 44(10): 2434–2437.
S. Lee, H. Song, and H. Ahn, “Fiber-optic localized surfacer plasmon resonance sensors based on nanomaterials,” Sensors, 2021, 21(3): 819.
J. Jing, K. Liu, J. Jiang, T. Xu, S. Wang, and J. Ma, “Performance improvement approaches for optical fiber SPR sensors and their sensing applications,” Photonics Research, 2022, 10(1): 126–147.
J. Jing, K. Liu, J. Jiang, T. Xu, S. Wang, and P. Chang, “All optic-fiber coupled plasmon waveguide resonance sensor using ZrS2 based dielectric layer,” Optics Express, 2020, 28(8): 11280–11289.
S. Shukla, N. K. Sharma, and V. Sajal, “Theoretical study of surface plasmon resonance-based fiber optic sensor utilizing cobalt and nickel films,” Brazilian Journal of Physics, 2016, 46(3): 288–293.
R. Evarestov and A. V. Bandura, “First-principles calculations of single-walled nanotubes in sulfides MS2 (M=Ti, Zr),” Physica Scripta, 2014, 89(4): 044001.
J. Ma, K. Liu, J. Jiang, T. Xu, S. Wang, and P. Chang, “Theoretical and experimental investigation of an all-fiber waveguide coupled surface plasmon resonance sensor with Au-ZnO-Au sandwich structure,” IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 169961.
K. Tiwari, S. C. Sharma, and N. Hozhabri, “High performance surface plasmon sensors: simulations and measurements”, Journal of Applied Physics, 2015, 118(9): 093105.
A. Sharma, R. Jha, and B. Gupta, “Influence of dopants on the performance of a fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor”, Optics Communications, 2007, 274(2): 320–326.
J. Jing, K. Liu, J. Jiang, T. Xu, and S. Wang, “Highly sensitive and stable probe refractometer based on configurable plasmonic resonance with nano-modified fiber core”, Opto-Electron Advanced, 2023, 6(6): 220072.
S. Cao, Y. Shao, Y. Wang, T. Wu, and L. Zhang, “Highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on a low-index polymer optical fiber”, Optics Express, 2018, 26(4): 3988–3994.
M. Mattinen, G. Popov, and M. Vehkamaki, “Atomic layer deposition of emerging 2D semiconductors, HfS2 and ZrS2, for optoelectronics,” Chemistry of Materials, 2019, 31(15): 5713–5724.
A. Alkhouzaam and H. Qiblawey, “Novel polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes incorporating polydopamine functionalized graphene oxide with enhanced flux and fouling resistance,” Journal of Membrane Science, 2021, 620: 118900.
Y. Cao, J. Ma, K. Liu, X. Huang, and J. Jiang, “Optical fiber SPR sensing demodulation algorithm based on all-phase filters,” Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(7): 120–126.
M. Alagdar, B. Yousif, N. F. Areed, and M. Elzalabani, “Highly sensitive fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor employing 2D nanomaterials,” Applied Physics A–Materials Science & Processing, 2020, 126: 522.
Q. Wang, X. Jiang, L. Niu, and X. Fan, “Enhanced sensitivity of bimetallic optical fiber SPR sensor based on MoS2 nanosheets,” Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2020, 128: 105997.
H. Song, Q. Wang, and W. M. Zhao, “A novel SPR sensor sensitivity-enhancing method for immunoassay by inserting MoS2 nanosheets between metal film and fiber,” Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2020, 132: 106135.
K. Liu, J. Zhang, J. Jiang, T. Xu, S. Wang, and P. Chang, “MoSe2-Au based sensitivity enhanced optical fiber surface plasmon resonance biosensor for detection of goat-anti-rabbit IgG,” IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 660–668.
A. Mishra, S. Mishra, and R. Verma, “Graphene and beyond graphene MoS2: a new window in surface-plasmon-resonance-based fiber optic sensing,” Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2016, 120: 2893–2900.
Y. Lin, J. Yang, T. Shu, T. Lin, Y. Chen, M. Su, W. Li, and M. Liu, “Detection of C-reactive protein based on magnetic nanoparticles and capillary zone electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection,” Journal of Chromatography A, 2013, 1315: 188–194.
M. Antonio, R. Ferreira, and R. Vitorino, “A simple aptamer-based colorimetric assay for rapid detection of C-reactive protein using gold nanoparticles,” Talanta, 2020, 214: 120868.
M. Lucio, A. Montoto, and E. Fernandez, “Label-free detection of C-reactive protein using bioresponsive hydrogel-based surface relief diffraction gratings,” Biosens Bioelectron, 2021, 193: 113561.
G. Cao, P. Chang, A. Zhang, F. Liu, and H. Pan, “A polydopamine nanospheres modified fiber optic SPR biosensor for specific detection of C-reactive protein,” Optical Fiber Technology, 2023, 80: 103468.
Acknowledgment
This work was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFF0706003) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62375202).
We thank Prof. Liang XU and Rui SU from Tianjin Second People’s Hospital to provide the serum sample of CRP for experiments. We also thank the Bioss Antibodies Company for the product of CRP.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate Experimental processes were supervised by Tianijn University, China. The collection and utilization of the datasets were approved by the Ethics Committee on Biomedical Research, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital (No.2024-037). All approaches performed in the study involving data collection and storage were followed according to the standard operation process of Recombinant Human CRP protein Specifications issued by the Bioss Antibodies Company. And the product batch number is bs-0391P.
Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Permissions All the included figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere have obtained the permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format.
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Ma, J., Li, S., Huang, X. et al. All Optic-Fiber Waveguide-Coupled SPR Sensor for CRP Sensing Based on Dielectric Layer and Poly-Dopamine. Photonic Sens 15, 250224 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-024-0734-0
Received:
Revised:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-024-0734-0