Skip to main content
Log in

Mechanical and tribo-performance analysis of LD sludge filled wood apple dust-epoxy composites using response surface methodology

  • Research
  • Published:
Interactions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This research presents the progress made in creating a novel type of composite material that incorporates wood apple dust (WAD) and Linz Donawitz (LD) sludge as reinforcing agents. Composites were prepared with different proportions of WAD and LD sludge reinforced in epoxy resin and their physical and mechanical were studied. Tensile, compressive and flexural strengths were measured using an Instron made universal testing machine as per ASTM standard. Further, the study was extended to evaluate the wear resistance (WR) characteristics of the fabricated composites by using response surface methodology (RSM). With the addition of 5 wt% WAD and 12 wt% LD sludge the composites showed 24% increase in flexural strength, 9.88% increase in compressive strength and 30.2% increase in tensile strength values. The RSM analysis revealed that incorporation of fillers greatly influences the WR of the composites.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

Data availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

References

  1. Gangil, B., Ranakoti, L., Verma, S.K., Singh, T.: Utilization of waste dolomite dust in carbon fiber reinforced vinylester composites. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 18, 3291–3301 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Manral, A.R.S., Gariya, N., Bansal, G., Singh, H.P., Negi, P.: Structural and modal analysis of chicken feather fibre (CFF) with epoxy-resin matrix composite material. Mater. Today Proc. 26, 2558–2563 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Singh, T., Pattnaik, P., Shekhawat, D., Ranakoti, L., Lendvai, L.: Waste marble dust-filled sustainable polymer composite selection using a multi-criteria decision-making technique. Arab. J. Chem. 16, 104695 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Pati, P.R., Satapathy, A.: Development of wear resistant coatings using LD slag premixed with Al2O3. J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag. 17, 135–143 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Joglekar, J.J., Munde, Y.S., Jadhav, A.L., Bhutada, D.S., Radhakrishnan, S., Kulkarni, M.B.: Studies on effective utilization of Citrus Maxima fibers based PVC composites. Mater. Today Proc. 42, 578–583 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bansal, G., Jain, Y., Ahmed, Y., Kishore, C., Agarwal, V.: A comprehensive study on experimental analysis and development methods of chicken feather fiber reinforced bio composites. Mater. Today Proc. 46, 10310–10314 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Singh, T., Pattnaik, P., Aherwar, A., Ranakoti, L., Dogossy, G., Lendvai, L.: Optimal Design of Wood/Rice Husk-Waste-filled PLA biocomposites using Integrated CRITIC-MABAC-Based decision-making algorithm. Polymers. 14, 2603 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Sahoo, P.S., Mahapatra, M.M., Vundavilli, P.R., Sabat, R.K., Sirohi, S., Kumar, S.: Investigation of severe Plastic Deformation effects on Magnesium RZ5 Alloy sheets using a modified Multi-pass Equal Channel Angular pressing (ECAP) technique. Materials. 16, 5158 (2023)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sahoo, P.S., Meher, A., Mahapatra, M.M., Vundavilli, P.R., Pandey, C.: Analysis of mechanical and microstructural characteristics of plunger-assisted ECAP strengthened Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheets. Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng. 23, 194 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Nath, S., Jena, H., Priyanka, Sahini, D.: Analysis of Mechanical properties of jute Epoxy Composite with Cenosphere Filler. Silicon. 11, 659–671 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Patnaik, A., Satapathy, A., Dwivedy, M., Biswas, S.: Wear behavior of plant fiber (Pine-Bark) and cement kiln dust-reinforced polyester composites using Taguchi experimental model. J. Compos. Mater. 44, 559–574 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Rao, Y.S., Shivamurthy, B., Mohan, N.S., Shetty, N., Rangappa, S.M., Siengchin, S.: Investigation of tensile properties, hardness, and morphology of h-BN and MoS2 filler modified carbon fabric/epoxy composites. Cogent Eng. 10, 2178129 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Babu, A., Thilak, A., Pulikkalparambil, H., Varghese, S.A., Rangappa, S.M., Joseph, K., Siengchin, S.: Investigation of sliding wear properties of Nanofiller-based biocomposites. Tribol Prop. Perform. Appl. Biocomposites 167–183 (2024)

  14. Bommegowda, K.B., Renukappa, N.M., Rajan, J.S.: Role of fillers in controlling the properties of polymer composites: A review. In: Techno-Societal 2020, pp. 637–648. Springer, Cham (2021)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Shejkar, S.K., Agrawal, B., Agrawal, A., Gupta, G., Pati, P.R.: Influence of filler content and surface modification on physical and mechanical properties of epoxy/walnut shell particulate composites. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 37, 1215–1232 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chand, S., Paul, B., Kumar, M.: Sustainable approaches for LD slag waste management in steel industries: A review. Metallurgist. 60, 116–128 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Purohit, A., Satapathy, A.: A study on erosion wear performance of Linz-Donawitz sludge filled polypropylene matrix composites. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 377, 012045 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Purohit, A., Satapathy, A., Swain, P.T.R.: Analysis of erosion wear behavior of LD sludge filled polypropylene composites using RSM. Mater. Sci. Forum. 978, 222–228 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Purohit, A., Satapathy, A., Swain, P.T.R., Patnaik, P.K.: Analysis of sliding wear behavior of LD sludge filled epoxy composites using response surface methodology. Mater. Today Proc. 33, 5066–5069 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Padhi, P.K., Satapathy, A., Nakka, A.M.: Processing, characterization, and wear analysis of short glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites filled with blast furnace slag. J. Thermoplast Compos. Mater. 28, 656–671 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Pati, P.R., Satapathy, A.: Processing, characterization and erosion wear response of Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag filled polypropylene composites. J. Thermoplast Compos. Mater. 29, 1282–1296 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Biswas, S., Satapathy, A.: A comparative study on erosion characteristics of red mud filled bamboo-epoxy and glass-epoxy composites. Mater. Des. 31, 1752–1767 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Purohit, A., Satapathy, A.: Development and characterization of epoxy-based composites filled with Linz–Donawitz sludge. J. Compos. Mater. 51, 899–911 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Chiellini, E., Cinelli, P., Imam, S.H., Mao, L.: Composite films based on Biorelated Agro-industrial Waste and Poly(vinyl alcohol). Preparation and Mechanical properties characterization. Biomacromolecules. 2, 1029–1037 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Yin, N., Xing, Z., He, K., Zhang, Z.: Tribo-informatics approaches in tribology research: A review. Friction. 11, 1–22 (2023)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Sinha, A.K., Bhattacharya, S., Narang, H.K.: Experimental determination and modelling of the mechanical properties of hybrid abaca-reinforced polymer composite using RSM. Polym. Polym. Compos. 27, 597–608 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Agrawal, A., Chandrakar, S., Sharma, A.: Mechanical and thermal behaviour of Epoxy/Hexagonal Boron Nitride/Short Sisal Fiber Hybrid composites. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 840, 012011 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

Abhilash Purohit, Partha Sarathi Sahoo, Pankaj Kumar Chauhan: Supervision, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Pravat Ranjan Pati: Conceptualization, Writing - review and editing, Jayant Giri, T Sathish: Methodology, Validation.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pravat Ranjan Pati.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Purohit, A., Sahoo, P.S., Chauhan, P.K. et al. Mechanical and tribo-performance analysis of LD sludge filled wood apple dust-epoxy composites using response surface methodology. Interactions 245, 131 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-024-01978-y

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-024-01978-y

Keywords

Navigation