1 Erratum to: Clim Dyn DOI 10.1007/s00382-015-2818-4

In the original publication of the article, Figs. 3, 4a, b, 5 are published incorrectly. The correct versions of Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are given in this erratum. We believe that this error correction will not alter the main messages of the paper.

Fig. 3
figure 3

The climatological-mean of stream function \(H\) in a January and b July (1948–2011), where the unit of \(H\) is 10−6 s−1

Fig. 4
figure 4

The climatological-mean meridional-mean of stream function \(W\) between 10°N and 10°S in a January and b July (1948–2011), c and d are the same as a and b but here for traditional mass stream function \({\psi _W}\) calculated from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data by Eq. (4.3). The unit of \(W\) is 10−6 s−1, and the unit of \(\psi _W\) is 1011 kg s−1

Fig. 5
figure 5

The climatological-mean of stream function \(W\) in a January and b July (1948–2011), where the unit of \(W\) is 10−6 s−1