Abstract
Pure and noble metal (Pt, Pd, and Au) doped TiO2 nanoceramics have been prepared from TiO2 nanoparticles through traditional pressing and sintering. For those samples sintered at 550 °C, a typical premature sintering occurred, which led to the formation of a highly porous microstructure with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area of 23 m2/g. At room temperature, only Pt-doped samples showed obvious response to hydrogen, with sensitivities as high as ∼500 for 1000 ppm H2 in N2; at 300 °C, all samples showed obvious responses to CO, while the responses of noble metal doped samples were much higher than that of the undoped ones. The mechanism for the observed sensing capabilities has been discussed, in which the catalytic effect of Pt for hydrogen is believed responsible for the room-temperature hydrogen sensing capabilities, and the absence of glass frit as commonly used in commercial thick-film metal oxide gas sensors is related to the high sensitivities. It is proposed that much attention should be paid to metal oxide porous nanoceramics in developing gas sensors with high sensitivities and low working temperatures.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Korotcenkov G. Handbook of Gas Sensor Materials: Properties, Advantages and Shortcomings for Applications. New York: Springer, 2013.
Boon-Brett L, Bousek J, Black G, et al. Identifying performance gaps in hydrogen safety sensor technology for automotive and stationary applications. Int J Hydrogen Energ 2010, 35: 373–384.
Varghese OK, Gong D, Paulose M, et al. Extreme changes in the electrical resistance of titania nanotubes with hydrogen exposure. Adv Mater 2003, 15: 624–627.
Kim W-S, Lee B-S, Kim D-H, et al. SnO2 nanotubes fabricated using electrospinning and atomic layer deposition and their gas sensing performance. Nanotechnology 2010, 21: 245605.
Köck A, Tischner A, Maier T, et al. Atmospheric pressure fabrication of SnO2-nanowires for highly sensitive CO and CH4 detection. Sensor Actuat B: Chem 2009, 138: 160–167.
Zou X, Wang J, Liu X, et al. Rational design of sub-parts per million specific gas sensors array based on metal nanoparticles decorated nanowire enhancement-mode transistors. Nano Lett 2013, 13: 3287–3292.
Qian LH, Wang K, Li Y, et al. CO sensor based on Au-decorated SnO2 nanobelt. Mater Chem Phys 2006, 100: 82–84.
Varghese OK, Gong D, Paulose M, et al. Crystallization and high-temperature structural stability of titanium oxide nanotube arrays. J Mater Res 2003, 18: 156–165.
Pavelko RG, Vasiliev AA, Llobet E, et al. Comparative study of nanocrystalline SnO2 materials for gas sensor application: Thermal stability and catalytic activity. Sensor Actuat B: Chem 2009, 137: 637–643.
Bahu M, Kumar K, Bahu T. CuO-ZnO semiconductor gas sensor for ammonia at room temperature. J Electron Devices 2012, 14: 1137–1141.
Xu H, Liu X, Li M, et al. Preparation and characterization of TiO2 bulk porous nanosolids. Mater Lett 2005, 59: 1962–1966.
Yu Q, Wang K, Luan C, et al. A dual-functional highly responsive gas sensor fabricated from SnO2 porous nanosolid. Sensor Actuat B: Chem 2011, 159: 271–276.
Wang K, Zhao T, Lian G, et al. Room temperature CO sensor fabricated from Pt-loaded SnO2 porous nanosolid. Sensor Actuat B: Chem 2013, 184: 33–39.
Yan Z, Zhu K, Chen W-P. ZnO quasibicrystals formed by thermal annealing. Appl Phys Lett 2008, 92: 241912.
Gurlo A. Interplay between O2 and SnO2: Oxygen ionosorption and spectroscopic evidence for adsorbed oxygen. Chem Phys Chem 2006, 7: 2041–2052.
Liao L, Lu HB, Li JC, et al. Size dependence of gas sensitivity of ZnO nanorods. J Phys Chem C 2007, 111: 1900–1903.
Herrmann J-M, Pichat P. Metal-support interactions: An in situ electrical conductivity study of Pt/TiO2 catalysts. J Catal 1982, 78: 425–435.
Chen W, Li L, Wang Y, et al. Effects of electrochemical hydrogen charging on lead-based relaxor ferroelectric multilayer ceramic capacitors. J Mater Res 1998, 13: 1110–1112.
Lee JM, Park J, Kim S, et al. Ultra-sensitive hydrogen gas sensors based on Pd-decorated tin dioxide nanostructures: Room temperature operating sensors. Int J Hydrogen Energ 2010, 35: 12568–12573.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Xiong, Y., Tang, Z., Wang, Y. et al. Gas sensing capabilities of TiO2 porous nanoceramics prepared through premature sintering. J Adv Ceram 4, 152–157 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-015-0148-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-015-0148-y