Abstract
Given the extensive utilization of cantilever retaining walls in construction and development projects, their optimal design and analysis with proper attention to seismic loads is a typical engineering problem. This research presents a new algorithm for pseudo-static analysis of retaining walls employing upper bound method. The algorithm can be utilized to design and check the external and internal stability of the wall based on the proposed mechanism. One of the main features of this algorithm is its ability to determine the critical condition of failure wedges, the minimum safety factor and maximum force acting on the wall, as well as the minimum weight of the wall, simultaneously, by effectively using the multi-objective optimization. The results obtained by the proposed failure mechanisms show that, while using the upper bound limit analysis approach, the active force should be maximized concurrent with optimizing the direction of the plane passing through the back of the heel. The present study also applies the proposed algorithm to determine the critical direction of the earthquake acceleration coefficient. The critical direction of earthquake acceleration coefficient is defined as the direction that maximizes the active force exerted on the wall and minimizes the safety factor for wall stability. The results obtained in this study are in good agreement with those of similar studies carried out based on the limit equilibrium method and finite element analysis. The critical failure mechanisms were determined via optimization with genetic algorithm.
摘要
鉴于悬臂式挡土墙在建设和开发项目中的广泛应用,合理考虑地震荷载的优化设计和分析是一 个典型的工程问题。本文提出了一种利用上限法进行挡土墙拟静力分析的新算法。该算法可用于基于 该机理墙体内外稳定性设计和校核。该算法的主要特点之一是能够有效地利用多目标优化,同时确定 失效楔块的临界条件、作用在墙体上的最小安全系数和最大受力,以及墙体的最小重量。由所提出的 失效机制所得到的结果表明,在使用上限极限分析方法时,作用力的最大化应同时考虑通过墙根后部 平面方向的优化。本文还应用该算法确定了地震加速度系数的临界方向。地震加速度系数的临界方向 定义为作用在墙体上的最大力方向,以保证墙体稳定的安全系数最小。本研究结果与基于极限平衡法 和有限元分析的类似研究结果一致,通过遗传算法优化确定了关键失效机制。
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Ranjbar Karkanaki, A., Ganjian, N. & Askari, F. Pseudo-static analysis of cantilever retaining walls using upper bound limit analysis approach. J. Cent. South Univ. 26, 241–255 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-019-3997-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-019-3997-7