Abstract
Over the past few decades, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have become an important class of drug carriers for small molecules, proteins, genes and nanoparticle systems. CPPs represent a very diverse set of short peptide sequences (10–30 amino acids), generally classified as cationic or amphipathic, with various mechanisms in cellular internalization. In this review, a more comprehensive assessment of the chemical structural characteristics, including net cationic charge, hydrophobicity and helicity was assembled for a large set of commonly used CPPs, and compared to results from numerous in vivo drug delivery studies. This detailed information can aid in the design and selection of effective CPPs for use as transport carriers in the delivery of different types of drug for therapeutic applications.
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Dr. Wei-Chiang Shen received his Ph.D. degree in Bioorganic Chemistry from Boston University, Boston. He is currently the Associate Dean of Research and John A. Biles Professor in Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Southern California School of Pharmacy. Dr. Shen’s research interests focus on the development of novel systems for improving peptide and protein drug delivery. He has published 150 papers in different areas of biomedical sciences, including biochemistry, cell biology, pharmaceutics, and biotechnology. He is an inventor or co-inventor of 11 issued and 4 pending US patents in drug delivery and a co-author of the textbook Immunology for Pharmacy Students. Dr. Shen was elected to Fellow of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) and Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Sciences (AAAS), and was the recipient of 2002 Eurand Award for Outstanding Novel Research in Oral Drug Delivery.
Dr. Jennica L. Zaro is a Research Assistant Professor and a Core Director of the Translational Research and Histology Laboratories at the School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Her main research projects are focused on targeted delivery of peptide and protein drugs and on recombinant bifunctional fusion proteins as therapeutics. Prior to joining the university, Dr. Zaro received her PhD in pharmaceutical sciences from the University of Southern California, where she focused on the design and characterization of peptide carriers for protein drugs. In addition, she has held several roles in the pharmaceutical industry, where she developed formulations for aerosol products and designed and validated analytical methods for protein drugs.
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Zaro, J.L., Shen, WC. Cationic and amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs): Their structures and in vivo studies in drug delivery. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 9, 407–427 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-015-1538-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-015-1538-y