Abstract
This study explored the effect of the cooling rate on the microstructure and morphology of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) lead-free solder. In the experiments, rapid cooling (P1: 63.17°C/s) of SAC305 solder resulted in high tensile strength (60.8 MPa) with no significant loss in ductility (strain >40%) due to the formation of fine-grained primary β-Sn (average size ∼14 μm) surrounded by a network-like fine eutectic structure consisting of β-Sn and particle-like Ag3Sn compound. As the cooling rate was reduced, the morphology of the Ag3Sn compound evolved progressively from a particle- to a needle-like form and finally to a leaf- or plate-like form. The cooling rate significantly affected the β-Sn grain size and the morphology of the Ag3Sn compound. Water cooling (at the fastest cooling rate of 100°C/s) of a solder sample resulted in a microstructure consisting of the finest structure of Ag3Sn and β-Sn with no Cu6Sn5, consequently exhibiting the highest hardness of the various specimens. By contrast, after cooling at the slowest rate of 0.008°C/s, the sample exhibited a coarse eutectic structure consisting of large plate-like Ag3Sn compound and isolated long rod-like Cu6Sn5 precipitates. This coarse structure resulted in both lower hardness and poorer tensile strength.
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support of this research by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of China, Taiwan under Grant No. MOST 102-2221-E-006-294-MY3.
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Lee, HT., Huang, KC. Effects of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Morphology of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder. J. Electron. Mater. 45, 182–190 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-4189-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-015-4189-3