Abstract
Targeted therapy is a new cancer treatment approach, involving drugs that particularly target specific proteins in cancer cells, such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) which are involved in promoting growth and proliferation, Therefore inhibiting these proteins could impede cancer progression. An understanding of RTKs and the relevant signaling cascades, has enabled the development of many targeted drug therapies employing RTK inhibitors (RTKIs) some of which have entered clinical application. Here we discuss RTK structures, activation mechanisms and functions. Moreover, we cover the potential effects of combination drug therapy (including chemotherapy or immunotherapy agents with one RTKI or multiple RTKIs) especially for drug resistant cancers.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank all of those whose fruitful research has contributed in any way to the elucidation of the role of receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer pathogenesis and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. MRH was supported by US NIH Grants R01AI050875 and R21AI121700.
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NE, and EF designed the review paper and wrote the manuscript, HG, SP, RK, RV, MG, RFT, and, PB contributed to writing and editing the manuscript, AHA, MRH and ARA reviewed and revised the final version of manuscript and supervised the study.
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MRH declares the following potential conflicts of interest. Scientific Advisory Boards: Transdermal Cap Inc, Cleveland, OH; Hologenix Inc. Santa Monica, CA; Vielight, Toronto, Canada; JOOVV Inc, Minneapolis-St. Paul MN; Sunlighten, Kansas City, MO; Consulting; USHIO Corp, Japan; Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Klox Asia, Guangzhou, China. Stockholding: Niraxx Light Therapeutics, Inc, Irvine CA; JelikaLite Corp, New York NY. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Ebrahimi, N., Fardi, E., Ghaderi, H. et al. Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 80, 104 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-023-04729-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-023-04729-4