Abstract
Nanomaterials are defined as the materials with any external dimension in the nanoscale or having internal structure or surface structure in the nanoscale, with nanoscale defined as the “dimensions ranging approximately from 1 nm to 100 nm.” Their characteristic feature is a high ratio of surface area to volume, which determines their unique physicochemical properties. The chapter presented is concerned with the investigation of nanomaterials containing metal atoms or compounds, known as metal-based nanomaterials (MNMs) found in biological matrices such as plant tissues or physiological substances. The presence of MNM in plant tissues is a consequence of intensive emission of MNM to the natural environment as a result of various technological processes. Investigation of MNM in physiological materials is related to the possibility of their use in diagnosis and treatment of cancer, which require characterization of MNM behavior in preclinical conditions.
The chapter presents the possibilities and limitations of techniques most often used for imaging and characterization of the forms and transformations of MNMs in biological matrices along with a review of selected experimental reports concerning this subject. MNM imaging is performed employing the microscopic, spectrometric, and spectroscopic techniques, such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). The forms and transformations of MNM in biological matrices are investigated mainly by X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) but also by other spectrometric techniques as well as by a combination of mass spectrometry and separation techniques such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Although MNM in biological matrices can be studied by many diverse methods, the hitherto research work in this area is of basic and incomplete character, often semiquantitative, which is a consequence of complexity of analytical procedures following from the diversity of physicochemical properties of nanomaterials and biological matrices.
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Centre in Poland within the projects 2015/18/M/ST4/00257, 2015/17/B/ST4/03707, and 2018/29/B/ST4/00178 and Warsaw University of Technology
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Kruszewska, J., Wojcieszek, J., Matczuk, M., Ruzik, L., Jarosz, M. (2022). Metal-Based Nanomaterials in Biological Matrices. In: Buszewski, B., Baranowska, I. (eds) Handbook of Bioanalytics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95660-8_26
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95660-8_26
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