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Biodegradation of Azo Dye Pollutants Using Microorganisms

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Handbook of Biodegradable Materials

Abstract

Water is a crucial need for all living organisms, and it must be protected against contaminations such as inorganic and organic hazardous compounds and pathogens to keep public health and ecosystems safe. The inorganic hazardous compounds of toxic metals are found in the industrial wastewater from the metal processing, mining, and chemical sectors containing toxic metals, compounds, organic and inorganic compounds, and chlorinated derivatives. Several organic artificial dyes are used for material coloration in the textile industry and are major contributors to organic pollutants in industrial wastewater. The release of untreated colored wastewater, including organic pollutants such as dyes and phenolic compounds, into the ecosystem harms the environment’s aesthetics and impacts marine life. Global climate change, industrialization, overcrowding, and agricultural practices have all been related to a lack of appropriate and sustainable sources of clean drinking water. The expanding worldwide drinking water shortage necessitates the development of novel advanced, high-tech, and cost-effective solutions for water treatment to enhance the existing conventional methods. Bioremediation is one of the methods used for wastewater treatment and is known as the breakdown of pollutants by microorganisms into nonhazardous or less dangerous compounds.

Moreover, bioremediation reduces or neutralizes hazardous compounds in contaminated water using biological agents such as fungi, bacteria, or green plants. The biodegradation of toxic organic pollutants has been linked to many fungi, plants, and bacteria enzymes. Bioremediation of toxic compounds presents a low-cost, environmentally benign biotechnology fueled by microbial enzymes. Further using and expanding the application of this technology advance the natural and eco-friendly substances for degradation of organic pollutants (dyes). The successful implantation of bioremediation technology achieves the global goals of a safe environment and increases the economic impact.

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Abbreviations

ADs:

Azo dyes

AOPs:

Advanced oxidation processes

BOD:

Biological oxygen demand

COD:

Chemical Oxygen Demand

CPCB:

Central Pollution Control Board

LiP:

Lignin peroxidase

MnP:

Manganese peroxidase

TDS:

Total dissolved solids

TSS:

Total suspended solids

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

    H. Gomaa & Mohammed Y. Emran

  2. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Marwa A. El-Gammal

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  1. H. Gomaa
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  2. Mohammed Y. Emran
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  3. Marwa A. El-Gammal
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  1. Chemistry Department, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

    Gomaa A. M. Ali

  2. Vice President of Advanced Material Research, Stanley Black & Decker, Inc, Connecticut, USA

    Abdel Salam H. Makhlouf

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Gomaa, H., Emran, M.Y., El-Gammal, M.A. (2022). Biodegradation of Azo Dye Pollutants Using Microorganisms. In: Ali, G.A.M., Makhlouf, A.S.H. (eds) Handbook of Biodegradable Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83783-9_33-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83783-9_33-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-83783-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-83783-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

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