Abstract
Humans are working in increasingly complex environments that place high demands on mental resources. This has motivated strong interest in characterizing the cognitive functions that contribute to human performance and capitalizing on advances in the behavioral and brain sciences to engineer effective strategies for enhancing work safety and productivity. The current chapter presents contemporary theories and principles of these cognitive functions from the perspective of psychology and neuroscience, and discusses opportunities and limitations of their applications in practical settings. Emphasis will be on five key concepts: mental workload, vigilance, mental fatigue, error detection, and creativity. Issues concerning noninvasive brain stimulation for cognitive augmentation are also discussed. With a deeper appreciation of the mechanisms underlying these cognitive functions, researchers can better identify potential avenues for developing novel ergonomic solutions.
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Abbreviations
- ACC::
-
Anterior cingulate cortex
- ADHD::
-
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
- aMCC::
-
Anterior mid-cingulate cortex
- AOC::
-
Attentional operating characteristics
- AUT::
-
Alternative Uses task
- CFS::
-
Chronic fatigue syndrome
- cTBS::
-
Continuous TBS
- DAN::
-
Dorsal attentional network
- dlPFC::
-
Dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex
- dmPFC::
-
Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex
- EEG::
-
Electroencephalography
- ERN::
-
Error-related negativity
- ErrPs::
-
Error-related potentials
- FEF::
-
Frontal eye field
- fNIRS::
-
functional near-infrared spectroscopy
- FRN::
-
Feedback-related negativity
- IFG::
-
Inferior frontal gyrus
- IPS::
-
Intraparietal sulcus
- iTBS::
-
Intermittent theta-burst stimulation
- LC-NE::
-
Locus-coeruleus noradrenergic
- mPFC::
-
Medial prefrontal cortex
- NE::
-
Noradrenaline
- NIBS::
-
Noninvasive brain stimulation
- PCC::
-
Posterior cingulate cortex
- Pe::
-
Error positivity
- PFC::
-
Prefrontal cortex
- PPC::
-
Posterior parietal cortex
- rTMS::
-
Repetitive TMS
- SNR::
-
Signal-to-noise ratio
- tACS::
-
Transcranial alternating current stimulation
- TBS::
-
Theta-burst stimulation
- tDCS::
-
Transcranial direct current stimulation
- tES::
-
Transcranial electrical stimulation
- Th::
-
Thalamus
- TMS::
-
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
- TPJ::
-
Temporoparietal junction
- tRNS::
-
Transcranial random noise stimulation
- VAN::
-
Ventral attentional network
- vlPFC::
-
Ventral lateral prefrontal cortex
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Seet, M.S., Bezerianos, A. (2022). Neuroscience of Cognitive Functions: From Theory to Applications. In: Thakor, N.V. (eds) Handbook of Neuroengineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2848-4_73-2
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