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Neuroscience of Cognitive Functions: From Theory to Applications

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Handbook of Neuroengineering

Abstract

Humans are working in increasingly complex environments that place high demands on mental resources. This has motivated strong interest in characterizing the cognitive functions that contribute to human performance and capitalizing on advances in the behavioral and brain sciences to engineer effective strategies for enhancing work safety and productivity. The current chapter presents contemporary theories and principles of these cognitive functions from the perspective of psychology and neuroscience, and discusses opportunities and limitations of their applications in practical settings. Emphasis will be on five key concepts: mental workload, vigilance, mental fatigue, error detection, and creativity. Issues concerning noninvasive brain stimulation for cognitive augmentation are also discussed. With a deeper appreciation of the mechanisms underlying these cognitive functions, researchers can better identify potential avenues for developing novel ergonomic solutions.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

Anterior cingulate cortex

ADHD:

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

aMCC:

Anterior mid-cingulate cortex

AOC:

Attentional operating characteristics

AUT:

Alternative Uses task

CFS:

Chronic fatigue syndrome

cTBS:

Continuous TBS

DAN:

Dorsal attentional network

dlPFC:

Dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex

dmPFC:

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex

EEG:

Electroencephalography

ERN:

Error-related negativity

ErrPs:

Error-related potentials

FEF:

Frontal eye field

fNIRS:

functional near-infrared spectroscopy

FRN:

Feedback-related negativity

IFG:

Inferior frontal gyrus

IPS:

Intraparietal sulcus

iTBS:

Intermittent theta-burst stimulation

LC-NE:

Locus-coeruleus noradrenergic

mPFC:

Medial prefrontal cortex

NE:

Noradrenaline

NIBS:

Noninvasive brain stimulation

PCC:

Posterior cingulate cortex

Pe:

Error positivity

PFC:

Prefrontal cortex

PPC:

Posterior parietal cortex

rTMS:

Repetitive TMS

SNR:

Signal-to-noise ratio

tACS:

Transcranial alternating current stimulation

TBS:

Theta-burst stimulation

tDCS:

Transcranial direct current stimulation

tES:

Transcranial electrical stimulation

Th:

Thalamus

TMS:

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

TPJ:

Temporoparietal junction

tRNS:

Transcranial random noise stimulation

VAN:

Ventral attentional network

vlPFC:

Ventral lateral prefrontal cortex

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Manuel Stephen Seet

  2. School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

    Anastasios Bezerianos

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  1. Manuel Stephen Seet
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  2. Anastasios Bezerianos
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Correspondence to Anastasios Bezerianos .

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  1. Neuroengineering and Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Nitish V. Thakor

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Seet, M.S., Bezerianos, A. (2023). Neuroscience of Cognitive Functions: From Theory to Applications. In: Thakor, N.V. (eds) Handbook of Neuroengineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5540-1_73

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