Definition
Graphite is the most common allotrope of carbon and is characterized by good electrical, thermal, and lubricating properties. Graphite powders are suitable fillers to improve the conductivity and tribological properties of polymer composites.
Introduction
There is growing interest in polymer compounds for several applications in the frame of metal replacement in automotive and other industries. The advantages of plastic parts versus metal parts are reduced weight, lower cost, design flexibility, durability (low corrosion), and shorter production times. Depending on the final application, there are different requirements in terms of mechanical properties, thermal stability, and electrical and thermal conductivity. Such requirements can be fulfilled by appropriate choice of polymer and filler types.
Carbon-based fillers are promising candidates for multifunctional polymer compounds. Carbon is present in nature or can be synthetized in different forms. Well-known allotropes...
References
Acheson EG (1893). Production of artificial crystalline carbonaceous materials. The Carborundum Company. Monongehela. US492767
Aldissi M (ed) (1993) Intrinsically conducting polymers: an emerging technology, vol 246, NATO ASI series. Springer, Dordrecht
Al-Jabareen A, Al-Bustami H, Harel H, Marom G (2013) Improving the oxygen barrier properties of polyethylene terephthalate by graphite nanoplatelets. J Appl Polym Sci 128(3):1534–1539
Cevallos JG, Bergles AE, Bar-Cohen A, Rodgers P, Gupta SK (2012) Polymer heat exchangers-history, opportunities, and challenges. Heat Transfer Eng 33(13):1075–1093
Choi S, Kim K, Nam J, Shim SE (2013) Synthesis of silica-coated graphite by enolization of polyvinylpyrrolidone and its thermal and electrical conductivity in polymer composites. Carbon 60:254–265
Debelak B, Lafdi K (2007) Use of exfoliated graphite filler to enhance polymer physical properties. Carbon 45(9):1727–1734
Ebadi-Dehaghani H, Nazempour M (2012) Chapter 23. Thermal conductivity of nanoparticles filled polymers. In: Hashim A (ed) Smart nanoparticles technology. InTech, pp 519–540
Feret FR (1998) Determination of the crystallinity of calcined and graphitic cokes by X-ray diffraction. Analyst 123(4):595–600
Ferrari AC (2007) Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: disorder, electron–phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects. Solid State Commun 143(1–2):47–57
Franklin RE (1951) Crystallite growth in graphitizing and nongraphitizing carbons. Proc R Soc London Ser A 209:196–218
Fukushima H, Drzal LT, Rook BP, Rich MJ (2006) Thermal conductivity of exfoliated graphite nanocomposites. J Therm Anal Calorim 85(1):235–238
Gilardi R, Bonacchi D (2011) Improved carbon-based thermally conductive additive for polymers. High Perform. Plast. 2011, Int. Conf., 2nd: 10/11-10/18
Gilardi R, Bonacchi D (2012) Thermally conductive compounds for geothermal pipes. Comp World:15–20
Glenz W (2010) Rigid polystyrene foam (EPS, XPS). Kunststoffe International 10(2010):73–77
Haddadi-Asl V, Mohammadi T (1996) Effect of processing methods and conditions on properties of conductive carbon-polyolefins composite. Iran Polym J 5(3):153–164
Hana Z, Fina A (2011) Progr Polymer Sci 36:914–944
Hauser RA, King JA, Pagel RM, Keith JM (2008) Effects of carbon fillers on the thermal conductivity of highly filled liquid-crystal polymer based resins. J Appl Polym Sci 109(4):2145–2155
Herold A, Petitjean D, Furdin G, Klatt M (1994) Exfoliation of graphite intercalation compounds: classification and discussion of the processes from new experimental data relative to graphite-acid compounds. Mater. Sci. Forum 152-153(Soft Chemistry Routes to New Materials):281–287
Hess WM, Herd CR (1993) Chapter 3. Microstructure, morphology and general physical properties. In: Donnet J-B, Bansal RC, Wang M-J (eds) Carbon black – science and technology, 2nd edn. CRC Taylor & Fancis, Boca Raton/London/New York, pp 89–173
Kandanur SS, Rafiee MA, Yavari F, Schrameyer M, Yu Z-Z, Blanchet TA, Koratkar N (2012) Suppression of wear in graphene polymer composites. Carbon 50(9):3178–3183
Lee JH, Jang YK, Hong CE, Kim NH, Li P, Lee HK (2009) Effect of carbon fillers on properties of polymer composite bipolar plates of fuel cells. J Power Sources 193(2):523–529
Li B, Zhong W-H (2011) Review on polymer/graphite nanoplatelet nanocomposites. J Mater Sci 46(17):5595–5614
Spahr ME (2010) Carbon conductive additives for lithium-ion batteries. In: Masaki Yoshio M, Brodd RJ, Kozawa A (eds) Lithium-ion batteries: science and technologies. Springer, New York, pp 117–154
Tekce HS, Kumlutas D, Tavman IH (2007) Effect of particle shape on thermal conductivity of copper reinforced polymer composites. J Reinf Plast Compos 26(1):113–121
Thompson MS, Agarwal S, Mukhopadhyay P, Gupta RK (2013) Diffusion through polymers containing platelike nanomaterials. In: Graphite, graphene, their polym. Nanocompos. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 467–494
Tuinstra F, Koenig JL (1970) Raman spectrum of graphite. J Chem Phys 53(3):1126–1130
Wang Q, Gao J, Wang R, Hua Z (2001) Mechanical and rheological properties of HDPE/graphite composite with enhanced thermal conductivity. Polym Compos 22(1):97–103
Wypych G (2009) Handbook of fillers. ChemTec Publishing, Toronto
Xian G, Zhang Z (2005) Sliding wear of polyetherimide matrix composites. Part 2. Influence of graphite flakes. Wear 258(5–6):783–788
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this entry
Cite this entry
Gilardi, R., Bonacchi, D., Spahr, M.E. (2015). Graphitic Carbon Powders for Polymer Applications. In: Palsule, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Polymers and Composites. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37179-0_33-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37179-0_33-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-37179-0
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Graphitic Carbon Powders for Polymer Applications- Published:
- 22 April 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37179-0_33-3
-
Graphitic Carbon Powders for Polymer Applications
- Published:
- 20 June 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37179-0_33-2
-
Original
Graphitic Carbon Powders for Polymer Applications- Published:
- 30 April 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37179-0_33-1