Abstract
The use of radiation detectors in the analysis of art objects represents a very special application in a true interdisciplinary field. Radiation detectors employed in this field detect, e.g., x-rays, γ-rays, β particles, and protons. Analyzed materials range from stones, metals, over porcelain to paintings. The available nondestructive and noninvasive analytical methods cover a broad range of techniques. Hence, for the sake of brevity, this chapter will concentrate on few techniques: Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Proton Induced γ-ray Emission (PIGE).
The basics of these techniques will be described together with tables and references with relevant information for this field. On selected examples, the potentials and the pitfalls of the applied methods will be described.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bambynek W, Crasemann B, Fink RW, Freund HU, Mark H, Swift CD, Price RE, Veugopalo P (1972) X-ray fluorescence yields, auger, and Coster-Kronig transition probabilities. Rev Mod Phys 44:716
Bearden JA (1967) X-ray wavelengths. Rev Mod Phys 39:78
Beckhoff B, Kanngieer B, Langhoff N, Wedell R, Wolff H (2006) Handbook of practical x-ray fluorescence analysis. Springer, New York
Boutaine JL (2006) The modern museum. In: Bradley J, Creagh D (eds) Physical techniques in the study of art, archaeology and cultural heritage, vol 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Bradley D, Creagh D (eds) (2006/2007) Physical techniques in the study of art, archaeology and cultural heritage, vols 1 and 2. Elsevier Science & Technology, Amsterdam
Brandt W, Lapicki G (1981) Energy-loss effect in inner-shell coulomb ionization by heavy charged particles. Phys Rev A23:1717
Calligaro T, Colinart S, Poirot JP, Sudres C (2002) Combined external-beam PIXE and -Raman characterisation of garnets used in Merovingian jewellery. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 189:320
Campbell JL, Maxwell JA, Teesdale WJ (2005) The Guelph-pixe software package-II. Nucl Instrum Methods B 95:407–421
Chadwick J (1912) The Collision of alpha-particles with hydrogen nuclei. Philos Mag 24:594
Clayton E (1986) PIXAN: the Lucas heights PIXE analysis computer package, AAEC/M113
Coster D, De Kronig RL (1935) New type of Auger effect and its influence on the x-ray spectrum. Physica 2(1–12):13–24
Demortier G, Adriens A (eds) (2000) Ion beam study of art and archaeological objects. European Communities, Luxembourg
Denker A, Bohne W, Campbell JL, Heide P, Hopman T, Maxwell JA, Opitz-Coutureau J, Rauschenberg J, Rhrich J, Strub E (2005) High-energy PIXE using very energetic protons: quantitative analysis and cross sections. X-Ray Spectrom B 34:376–380
Denker A, Adriaens A, Dowsett M, Giumlia-Mair A (eds) (2006) COST action G8: non-destructive testing and analysis of museum objects. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, Stuttgart. ISBN 978-3-8167-7178-4
Duval A, Guicharnaud H, Dran JC (2004) Particle induced X-ray emission: a valuable tool for the analysis of metalpoint drawings. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 226:60–74
Gaschen A, Krähenbühl U (2005) PSI laboratory of radiochemistry and environmental chemistry, Annual report. http://lch.web.psi.ch/files/, http://anrep05/abstract05.html
Goldstein JI, Newbury DE, Echlin P, Joy DC, Romig AD, Lyman CE, Fiori C, Lifshin E (1992) Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis. Plenum, New York
Grassi N, Migliori A, Mand PA, Calvo del Castillo H (2005) Differential PIXE measurements for the stratigraphic analysis of the painting Madonna dei fusi by Leonardo da Vinci. X-Ray Spectrom 34:306–309
Griesser M, Denker A, Musner H, Maier KH (2000) Non-destructive investigation of paint layer sequences. In: Roy A, Smith P (eds) Tradition and innovation advances in conservations, contributions to IIC Melbourne Congress 82, International Institute for conservation of historic and artistic works, London
Hubbell H, Seltzer SM (1995) Tables of x-ray mass attenuation coefficients and mass energy-absorption coefficients, originally published as NISTIR 5632. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg
Janssens K, Van Grieken R (eds) (2005) Non-destructive micro analysis of cultural heritage materials. In: Comprehensive analytical chemistry, vol 42. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam
Johansson SAE, Campbell JL (1988) Pixe: a novel technique for elemental analysis. Wiley, New York, p 12
Johansson TB, Akelsson KR, Johansson SAE (1970) X-ray analysis: elemental trace analysis at the 10–12 g level. Nucl Instrum Methods 84:141
Johansson SAE, Campbell JL, Malmqvist K (1995) Particle-induced X-ray emission spectrometry (Pixe). Wiley, New York
Kardjilov N, Festa G (eds) (2017) Neutron methods for archaeology and cultural heritage. Berlin, Springer
Koch B (1983) Der Wiener Pfennig. Ein Kapitel aus der Periode der regionalen Pfennigmnze (Numismatische Zeitschrift 97), Wien
Krause MO (1979) Atomic radiative and radiationless yields for K and L shells. J Phys Chem Ref Data 8:307
Lang J (ed) (2005) Radiography of cultural material, 2nd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
Lapicki G (2009) Evaluation of cross sections for Lα x-ray production by up to 4 MeV protons in representative elements from silver to uranium. J Phys B 42:145204
Mäder M, Neelmeijer C (2004) Proton beam examination of glass an analytical contribution for preventive conservation. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect B 226(1–2):110–118
Mandó PA (1995) Advantages and limitations of external beams in application to art & archaeology, geology and environmental problems. Nucl Instrum Methods B 85:815
Moseley HGJ (1913) The high-frequency spectra of the elements. Philos Mag 26:1024
Neelmeijer C, Wagner W, Schramm HP (1996) Depth resolved ion beam analysis of objects of art. Nucl Instrum Methods B 118:338
Orlic I, Sow CH, Tang SM (1994) Experimental L-Shell X-ray production and ionization cross sections for proton impact. Atom Data Nucl Data Tables 56:159
Paul H, Sacher J (1989) Fitted empirical reference cross sections for K-shell ionization by protons. Atom Data Nucl Data Tables 42:105
Perujo A, Maxwell JA, Teesdale WJ, Campbell JL (1987) Deviation of the Kβ/Kα intensity ratio from theory observed in proton-induced X-ray spectra in the 22 < Z < 32 region. J Phys B 20:4973
Respaldiza MA, Gomez-Camacho J (1997) Applications of ion beam analysis techniques to arts and archaeometry. Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
Ryan CG, Cousens DR, Sie SH, Griffin WL (1990) Quantitative analysis of PIXE spectra in geoscience applications. Nucl Instrum Methods B 49:271
Scofield JH (1974) Exchange corrections of K x-ray emission rates. Phys Rev A9:1041
Sera K, Futatsugawa S (1996) Personal computer aided data handling and analysis for PIXE. Nucl Instrum Methods B 109–110:99
Szabo G, Borbely-Kiss I (1993) PIXYKLM computer package for PIXE analyses. Nucl Instrum Methods B 75:123
The Metropolitan Museum of Art (1982) Art and autoradiography: insight into the genesis of paintings by Rembrandt, Van Dyck and Vermeer. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Tuurnala T, Hautojärvi A (2000) Original or forgery pigment analysis of paintings using ion beams an ionising radiation. In: Demortier G, Adriaens A (eds) Ion beam study of art and archaeological objects. European Commission EUR 19218 21. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
Vekemans B, Jensens K, Vincze L, Adams F, Van Espen P (1994) Analysis of X-ray spectra by iterative least squares (AXIL): new developments. X-Ray Spectrom 23:278
Wang Y, Nastasi MA (2010) Handbook of modern ion beam materials analysis. Materials research society handbook. Materials Research Society, Amsterdam
Ziegler JF, Biersack JP, Littmark U (1985) The stopping and range of ions in solids, stopping and range of ions in matter, vol 1. Pergamon, New York
Zucchiatti A, Bouquillon G, Lanterna F, Lucarelli PA, Mand P, Prati J, Salomon MG (2002) Vaccari, PIXE and -PIXE analysis of glazes from terracotta sculptures of the della Robbia workshop. Nucl Instrum Methods B 189:358
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Denker, A. (2020). Radiation Detectors and Art. In: Fleck, I., Titov, M., Grupen, C., Buvat, I. (eds) Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47999-6_34-2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47999-6_34-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-47999-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-47999-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Physics and AstronomyReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics