Revised Competitiveness Index (CI-R)

Abstract

The Revised Competitiveness Index (CI-R) is a 14-item self-report measure designed to assess the personality trait competitiveness or the desire to win in interpersonal situations. The CI-R total score is the sum of all responses after adjusting for reverse scored items. The CI-R has a stable factor structure and contains two subscales: Enjoyment of Competition, which assesses how much individuals like competing, and Contentiousness, which measures a person’s comfort in challenging or confronting others. Men tend to score higher than women on the CI-R and Enjoyment of Competition subscale, but no gender differences have been found with Contentiousness subscale scores. Researchers have used the CI-R in nearly 100 studies and have translated the measure into several different languages. Given that competitiveness becomes a potentially important factor whenever people socially interact, it is not surprising that researchers have used the CI-R to investigate a wide range of behavioral health topics ranging from aggressive driving to physical fitness. In addition, the CI-R has been used to examine work-related issues such as occupational choice, the attractiveness of job duties and activities, and work performance. Cross-cultural research indicates that the factor structure of the CI-R remains relatively stable across different cultures. However, gender differences tend to appear more in individualistic cultures with males reporting higher levels of competitiveness. Overall, findings from diverse research contexts and cultural settings indicate that the CI-R is a reliable and valid measure of competitiveness and that it is applicable to a broad range of research questions.

Appendix

The Competitiveness Index (CI)

Citation: Smither, R. D., & Houston, J. M. (1992). The nature of competitiveness: Construction and validation of the Competitiveness Index. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52(2), 407–418. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164492052002016.

Administration: The CI is designed to take approximately 5 min to complete and can be administered privately or in a group setting. To avoid the potentially biasing effects of priming and labeling, the instrument should be administered using a generic title such as “Attitude Questionnaire.” Respondents should be asked to answer all the questions and to avoid spending too much time on any one item. Respondents should also be encouraged to go with their first or dominant response (T or F) for items that elicit an “it depends” reaction.

Directions: Use the following response scale in answering the items below: T=True F=False

1. I get satisfaction from competing with others.	T	F
2. It’s usually not important to me to be the best.	T	F
3. Competition destroys friendships.	T	F
4. Games with no clear-cut winners are boring.	T	F
5. I am a competitive individual.	T	F
6. I will do almost anything to avoid an argument.	T	F
7. I try to avoid competing with others.	T	F
8. I would like to be on a debating team.	T	F
9. I often remain quiet rather than risk hurting another person.	T	F
10. I find competitive situations unpleasant.	T	F
11. I try to avoid arguments.	T	F
12. In general, I will go along with the group rather than create conflict.	T	F
13. I don’t like competing against other people.	T	F
14. I don’t like games that are winner-take-all.	T	F
15. I dread competing against other people.	T	F
16. I enjoy competing against an opponent.	T	F
17. When I play a game, I like to keep scores.	T	F
18. I often try to outperform others.	T	F
19. I like competition.	T	F
20. I don’t enjoy challenging others even when I think they are wrong.	T	F

Lithuanian Version of the Competitiveness Index

Citation: Žukauskanitė, I., & Kudabienė, N. (2010). Konkurencija ir komanda: Ar įmanoma suderinti? Psichologija Tau, lapkritis / gruodis, 66–69.

Directions: Perskaitykite teiginius ir į jous atsakykite TAIP arba NE, apibraukdamas tinkamą variant.

1. Man malonu konkuruoti su ktiais.	T	F
2. Paprastai man nėra svarbu būti geriausiam.	T	F
3. Rungtyniavimas trukdo draugystei.	T	F
4. Žaidimai, kur nėra aiškių nugalėtojų, nuobodūs.	T	F
5. Aš – asmuo, linkę konkuruoti.	T	F
6. Aš padaryčiau viską kad išvengčiau ginčų.	T	F
7. Aš vengui kovoti su kitais.	T	F
8. Aš norėčiau dalyvauti debatuose.	T	F
9. Aš verčiau patylėsiu, nei rizikuosiu įžeisti kitą asmenį.	T	F
10. Situacijos, kuriose varžomasi, man nemalonios.	T	F
11. Aš vengiu ginčų.	T	F
12. Paprastai aš verčiau laikausi grupės nuomonės, nei jai prieštarauju.	T	F
13. Man nepatinka varžytis su kitais asmenimis.	T	F
14. Man nepatinka žaidimai, kur nugalėtojas gauna viską.	T	F
15. Man baisu konkuruoti su kitais.	T	F
16. Man patinka varžytis su oponentais.	T	F
17. Kai žaidžiu, man patinka fiksuoti rezultatą.	T	F
18. Man patinka pasirodyti geriau nei kiti.	T	F
19. Man patinka rungtyniavimas.	T	F
20. Man nepatinka kirsti lažybų su kitais, net jei manau, kad jie neteisūs.	T	F

The Revised Competitiveness Index (CI-R)

Citation: Houston, J. M., Harris, P., McIntire, S., & Francis, D. (2002). Revising the Competitiveness Index using factor analysis. Psychological Report, 90(1), 31–34. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.1.31

Administration: The CI-R is designed to take approximately 5 min to complete and can be administered privately or in a group setting. To avoid the potentially biasing effects of priming and labeling, the instrument should be administered using a generic title such as “Attitude Questionnaire.” Respondents should be asked to answer all the questions and to avoid spending too much time on any one item.

CI-R

Instructions: Use the following response scale in answering the items below. Make sure to read each item carefully and circle the number that best represents your answer.

1 = Strongly Disagree

2 = Slightly Disagree

3 = Neither Disagree nor Agree

4 = Slightly Agree

5 = Strongly Agree

1. I like competition.	1	2	3	4	5
2. I am a competitive individual.	1	2	3	4	5
3. I enjoy competing against an opponent.	1	2	3	4	5
4. I don’t like competing against other people.	1	2	3	4	5
5. I get satisfaction from competing with others.	1	2	3	4	5
6. I find competitive situations unpleasant.	1	2	3	4	5
7. I dread competing against other people.	1	2	3	4	5
8. I try to avoid competing with others	1	2	3	4	5
9. I often try to outperform others.	1	2	3	4	5
10. I try to avoid arguments.	1	2	3	4	5
11. I will do almost anything to avoid an argument.	1	2	3	4	5
12. I often remain quiet rather than risk hurting another person.	1	2	3	4	5
13. I don’t enjoy challenging other even when I think they are wrong.	1	2	3	4	5
14. In general, I will go along with the group rather than create conflict.	1	2	3	4	5

German Version of the Revised Competitiveness Index (CI-R)

Citation: Linnhoff, D. (2015). Messung von Wettbewerbsorientierung als Persönlichkeitsmerkmal im Sport Evaluation der deutschen Übersetzung des Competitiveness Index Revised (CIR). [Doctoral dissertation, Bielefeld University]. Research Gate. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1010.5767

1. Ich mag Wettkämpfe.	1	2	3	4	5
2. Ich bin ein konkurrenzbetonter Mensch.	1	2	3	4	5
3. Mir gefällt es, mich mit einem Gegner zu messen.	1	2	3	4	5
4. Ich konkurriere nicht gern mit anderen Menschen.	1	2	3	4	5
5. Es erfüllt mich, wenn ich mich mit anderen messen kann.	1	2	3	4	5
6. Mir sind Wettbewerbssituationen unangenehm.	1	2	3	4	5
7. Mir graust es davor, mit anderen Menschen zu konkurrieren.	1	2	3	4	5
8. Ich versuche es zu vermeiden, mich mit anderen zu messen.	1	2	3	4	5
9. Ich versuche oft, andere zu übertreffen.	1	2	3	4	5
10. Ich versuche, Diskussionen zu vermeiden.	1	2	3	4	5
11. Ich würde fast alles tun, um Streitereien aus dem Weg zu gehen.	1	2	3	4	5
12. Ich schweige eher, als dass ich das Risiko eingehe, jemanden zu verletzen.	1	2	3	4	5
13. Ich widerspreche ungern anderen, auch wenn ich eigentlich denke, dass sie falsch liegen.	1	2	3	4	5
14. Generell schließe ich mich lieber der Gruppe an, als einen Konflikt zu provozieren.	1	2	3	4	5

Indonesian Version of the Revised Competitiveness Index (CI-R)

Citation: Houston, J. M., Edge, H., Anderson, L. E., Lesmana, C. B. J., & Suryani, L. K. (2012). Competitiveness and individualism-collectivism in Bali and the U.S. North American Journal of Psychology, 14(1), 163–174. https://scholarship.rollins.edu/as_facpub/78

Instruksi: Gunakan skala jawaban berikut dalam menjawab pertanyaan- pertanyaan dibawah ini. Baca setiap pertanyaan dengan seksama dan lingkari nomer yang merupakan jawaban terbaik anda.

1 = Sangat tidak setuju

2 = Sedikit tidak setuju

3 = Tidak setuju atau setuju

4 = Sedikit setuju

5 = Sangat setuju

1. Saya merasa puas berkompetisi dengan yang lain	1	2	3	4	5
2. Saya seorang pesaing	1	2	3	4	5
3. Saya melakukan segalanya untuk menghindari perselisihan	1	2	3	4	5
4. Saya mencoba menghindari persaingan dengan yang lain	1	2	3	4	5
5. Saya sering berdiam diri daripada menyakiti orang lain	1	2	3	4	5
6. Saya menemukan persaingan yang tidak menyenangkan	1	2	3	4	5
7. Saya mencoba menghindari perselisihan	1	2	3	4	5
8. Pada umumnya, saya akan mengikuti keinginan kelompok daripada. menimbulkan konflik	1	2	3	4	5
9. Saya tidak menyukai kompetisi dengan orang lain	1	2	3	4	5
10. Saya takut berkompetisi dengan orang lain	1	2	3	4	5
11. Saya menyukai berkompetisi dengan lawan	1	2	3	4	5
12. Saya selalu berusaha tampil lain daripada yang lain	1	2	3	4	5
13. Saya menyukai kompetisi	1	2	3	4	5
14. Saya tidak menyukai menentang yang lain meskipun saya pikir. mereka salah	1	2	3	4	5

Mandarin Version of the Revised Competitiveness Index (CI-R)

Citation: Krägeloh, C. U., Wang, G. Y., Zhao, Q., Medvedev, O. N., Wu, Y., & Henning, M. A. (2018). Revised Competitiveness Index for use in China: Translation and Rasch analysis. International Journal of Educational Research, 90, 78–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.05.008.

竞争力指数

这些陈述对你来有多么真实?圈选最合适的选项。不要花很长的时间考虑。根据第一反应回答。没有正确或错误的答案，只是选择最适合你的。

根本不正确.

完全正确.

1. 我喜欢竞争	1	2	3	4	5
2. 我是一个有竞争力人。	1	2	3	4	5
3. 我喜欢与对手竞争	1	2	3	4	5
4. 我不喜欢与其他人竞争	1	2	3	4	5
5. 与他人竞争会使我获得满足感。	1	2	3	4	5
6. 竞争的环境会使我不安	1	2	3	4	5
7. 我害怕与其他人竞争	1	2	3	4	5
8. 我尽量避免与他人竞争	1	2	3	4	5
9. 我经常尽力比别人表现得更好	1	2	3	4	5
10. 我会试着去避免争执	1	2	3	4	5
11. 我几乎会做任何事情以避免争论	1	2	3	4	5
12. 我宁愿沉默也不伤害他人	1	2	3	4	5
13. 我不喜欢挑战别人，即使我认为他们错了。	1	2	3	4	5
14. 为了避免争执，一般来说，我会随大流。	1	2	3	4	5

谢谢参与