Abstract
Calcifying biologic nanoparticles (NPs) have been implicated as nucleation points for a number of pathologic events that include vascular calcification and the formation of kidney stones. In order to study these potential relationships, reproducible isolation of well-characterized biologic NPs is a necessity. Our group has isolated and propagated calcifying NPs from several human tissues and renal stones. Specific proteins that could nucleate a calcium phosphate shell under physiologic conditions have been identified as part of their structure, including elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) and fetuin-A. Visualization, using advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence microscopy, and nuclear and antibody staining in conjunction with flow cytometry, can further elucidate NPs composition and their role in pathology. In order to allow uniform investigation by others, the isolation, culture, and handling procedures for biologic NPs from human calcified vascular tissue and kidney stones are reported in detail.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Miller, V.M., Rodgers, G., Charlesworth, J.A., et al. (2004) Evidence of nanobacterial-like structures in calcified human arteries and cardiac valves. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287, H1115–1124.
Hunter, L.W., Shiekh, F.A., Pisimisis, G., et al. (2011) Key role of alkaline phosphatase in the development of human-derived nanoparticles in vitro. Acta Biomater 7, 1339–1345.
Shiekh, F.A., Charlesworth, J.E., Kim, SH., et al. (2010) Proteomic evaluation of biologic nanoparticles isolated from human kidney stones and calcified arteries. Acta Biomater 6, 4065–4072.
Gharahdaghi, F., Weinberg, C.R., Meagher, D.A., et al. (1999) Mass spectrometric identification of proteins from silver-stained polyacrylamide gel: a method for the removal of silver ions to enhance sensitivity. Electrophoresis 20, 601–605.
Olsen, J.V., de Godoy, L.M.F., Li, G., et al. (2005) Parts per million mass accuracy on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer via lock mass injection into a C-trap. Mol Cell Proteomics 4, 2010–2021.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Jon Charlesworth (Manager, Mayo Electron Microscopy Core Facility) and Benjamin Madden (Lead Scientist for Protein Identification, Mayo Proteomics Research Facility) who have assisted with previous studies and supplied methods used in their respective core facilities.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Linnes, M.P., Shiekh, F.A., Hunter, L.W., Miller, V.M., Lieske, J.C. (2011). Isolation, Propagation, and Analysis of Biological Nanoparticles. In: Toms, S., Weil, R. (eds) Nanoproteomics. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 790. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-319-6_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-319-6_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-61779-318-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-61779-319-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols