Abstract
This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of freeze-drying (lyophilization) with particular relevance to stabilizing live cells or viruses for industrial applications as vaccines or seed culture. The chapter discusses the importance of formulation, cycle development, validation, and the need to satisfy pharmaceutical regulatory requirements necessary for the commercial exploitation of freeze-dried products.
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Adams, G.D.J., Cook, I., Ward, K.R. (2015). The Principles of Freeze-Drying. In: Wolkers, W., Oldenhof, H. (eds) Cryopreservation and Freeze-Drying Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1257. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2193-5_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2193-5_4
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