Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most frequent metabolic chronic liver diseases in developed countries and puts the populations at risk of progression to liver necro-inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the onset of NAFLD and contributes to the progression from NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Thus, liver mitochondria could become the target for treatments for improving liver function in NAFLD patients. This chapter describes the most important steps used for potential therapeutic interventions in NAFLD patients, discusses current options gathered from both experimental and clinical evidence, and presents some novel options for potentially improving mitochondrial function in NAFLD.
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Abbreviations
- ANG:
-
Angiotensin
- ATP :
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- BCAA :
-
Branched-chain amino acids
- DAG:
-
Diacylglycerol
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- Fe/S:
-
Iron-sulfur
- FFA:
-
Free fatty acid
- GPD2 :
-
Glycerol phosphatase dehydrogenase-2
- GFP :
-
Green-fluorescence protein
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- HCC:
-
Hepatocellular carcinoma
- iNOs:
-
Inducible nitric oxide synthase
- KGDH:
-
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
- LCFA :
-
Long-chain fatty acids
- MAM:
-
Mitochondria-associated membranes
- MPC:
-
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier
- mtDNA :
-
Mitochondrial DNA
- MPTP :
-
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
- NAFL:
-
Nonalcoholic fatty liver
- NAFLD :
-
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH:
-
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- NOX4:
-
NADPH oxidase-4
- PDH:
-
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PSSG:
-
Protein mixed disulfides
- PSH:
-
Protein sulfhydryl
- ROS :
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SAME :
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
- SOD :
-
Superoxide dismutase
- TCA :
-
Tricarboxylic acids
- TFAM :
-
Transcription factor A
- TG:
-
Triglycerides
- TNF-α:
-
tumor necrosis factor-alpha
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Acknowledgments
These projects received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 722619 (FOIE GRAS) and Grant Agreement No. 734719 (mtFOIE GRAS). EMM and HS are recipients of Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 722619. This chapter is dedicated to Prof. Giuseppe Palasciano and Prof. Sergio Papa (University of Bari, Italy), Prof. Hermon Dowling (University of London, UK), Prof. Gerard P. vanBerge-Henegouwen (Utrecht University, The Netherlands), and Prof. Tom LaMont (Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA). We are indebted to Prof. Salvatore Passarella (University of Foggia, Italy) for helpful scientific discussion.
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Grattagliano, I. et al. (2021). Protocols for Mitochondria as the Target of Pharmacological Therapy in the Context of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). In: Palmeira, C.M., Rolo, A.P. (eds) Mitochondrial Regulation. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2310. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1433-4_12
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