Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, polar flagella-containing, rod-shaped, obligate aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, strain TK1655T, was isolated from the traditional Korean food gochujang. The 16S rRNA sequence of strain TK1655T was a member of the genus Oceanobacillus similar to that of the type strain of Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi subsp. incaldanensis DSM 16557T (97.2%), O. oncorhynchi subsp. oncorhynchi JCM 12661T (97.1%), O. locisalsi KCTC 13253T (97.0%), and O. sojae JCM 15792T (96.9%). Strain TK1655T was oxidase and catalase positive. Colonies were circular, smooth, low convex, cream in colour, and measured about 0.5–1.0 mm in diameter. The range for growth was 20–40°C (optimal, 30°C), pH 6.0–10.0 (optimal, 7.0), and 2–16% (w/v) NaCl (optimal, 2%). Additionally, the cells contained meso-DAP, and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The complex polar lipids were consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC). The major cellular fatty acid components were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and anteiso-C17:0, and the DNA G+C content was 40.5%. DNA-DNA relatedness of our novel strain and reference strain O. locisalsi KCTC 13253T, O. oncorhynchi subsp. incaldanensis DSM 16557T, O. oncorhynchi subsp. oncorhynchi JCM 12661T was 45.7, 43.8, and 41.9%. From the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic analyses of strain TK1655T, we propose the novel species Oceanobacillus gochujangensis sp. nov. The type strain is TK1655T (=KCCM 101304T =KCTC 33014T =CIP 110582T =NBRC 109637T).
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Bozzola, J.J. and Russell, L.D. 1998. Electron microscopy: Principles and techniques for biologists, 2nd ed. The Jones & Bartlett publishers Inc., Sudbury, Massachusetts, USA.
Cowan, S.T. and Steel, K.J. 1974. Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria. Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
Ezaki, T., Hashimoto, Y., and Yabuuchi, E. 1989. Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strain. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39, 224–229.
Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39, 783–791.
Gram, C. 1884. The differential staining of Schizomycetes in tissue sections and in dried preparations. Fortschitte der Medicin 2, 185–189.
Gurtler, V. and Stanisich, V.A. 1996. New approaches to typing and identification of bacteria using the 16S-23S rDNA space region. Microbiology 142, 3–16.
Hiraishi, A., Ueda, Y., Ishihara, J., and Mori, T. 1996. Comparative lipoquinone analysis of influent sewage and activated sludge by high performance liquid chromatography and photodiode detection. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 42, 457–469.
Holding, A.J. and Collee, J.S. 1971. Routine biochemical tests. Methods Microbiol. 6A, 1–32.
Jin, H.S. and Kim, J.B. 2007. Major microbial composition and its correlation to the taste of Sunchang traditional Kochujang. Korean J. Food Nutr. 20, 363–368.
Jung, Y.C. and Choi, W.J. 1996. Distribution and physiological characteristics of yeast in traditional and commercial Kochujang. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 28, 253–259.
Kim, H.J. 1993. Ph.D. thesis. Medical school, University of Newcatle upon Tyne, UK.
Kim, O.S., Cho, Y.J., Lee, K., Yoon, S.H., Kim, M., Na, H., Park, S.C., Jeon, Y.S., and Lee, J.H. 2012. Introducing EzTaxon-e: a prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene sequence database with phylotypes that represent uncultured species. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 62, 716–721.
Komagata, K. and Suzuki, K. 1987. Lipid and cell-wall analysis in bacterial systematics. Methods Microbiol. 19, 161–207.
Lee, J.M. and Jang, J.H. 1996a. Bacterial distrubution of Kochujang. Korean J. Food. Sci. Technol. 28, 260–266.
Lee, J.S. and Jung, M.C. 1996b. Identification of lactic acid bacteria from kimchi by cellular FAMEs analysis. Kor. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24, 234–241.
Lee, S.Y., Oh, T.K., Kim, W., and Yoon, J.H. 2010. Oceanobacillus locisalsi sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern of the yellow sea Korea. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 60, 2758–2762.
Leifson, E. 1930. A method of staining bacterial flagella and capsules together with a study of the origin of flagella. J. Bacteriol. 20, 203–211.
Leifson, E. 1951. Staining, shape and arrangement of bacterial flagella. J. Bacteriol. 62, 377–389.
Lu, J., Nogi, Y., and Takami, H. 2001. Oceanobacillus iheyensis gen. nov., sp. nov. a deep-sea extremely halotolerant and alkaliphilic species isolated from a depth of 1050 m on the Iheya Ridge. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 205, 291–297.
Miller, L.T. 1982. Single derivatization method for routine analysis of Bacterial whole-cell fatty acid methyl esters including hydroxy acid. J. Clin. Microbiol. 18, 861–867.
Minnikin, D.E., O’Donnell, A.G., Goodfellow, M., Alderson, G., Athalye, M., Schaal, A., and Parlett, J.H. 1984. An integrated procedure for the extraction of bacterial isoprenoid quinones and polar lipids. J. Microbiol. Methods 2, 233–241.
Namwong, S., Tanasupawat, S., Lee, K.C., and Lee, J.S. 2009. Oceanobacillus kapialis sp. nov., from fermented shrimp paste in Thailand. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59, 2254–2259.
Romano, I., Lama, L., Nicolaus, B., Poli, A., Gambacorta, A., and Giordano, A. 2006. Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi subsp. Incaldanensis subsp. nov., an alkalitolerant halophile isolated from an algal mat collected from a sulfurous spring in Campania (Italy), and emended description of Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56, 805–810.
Rossello-Mora, R. and Amann, R. 2001. The species concept for prokaryotes. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 25, 39–67.
Saitou, N. and Nei, M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4, 406–425.
Shin, D.H. 2004. Functionality of soy fermented food and changes of manufacturing technology. Korea Soybean Dig. 21, 49–63.
Shin, Y.K., Lee, J.S., Kim, H.J., Joo, W.H., Lee, J.D., and Park, Y.H. 1996. Microbial DNA base composition (G+C mol%) and its taxanomic implications. Korean J. Life Sci. 6, 72–77.
Stackebrandt, E. and Goebel, B.M. 1994. Taxanomic note: a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44, 846–849.
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., and Kumar S. 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30, 2725–2729.
Tittsler, R.P. and Sandholzer, L.A. 1936. The use of semi-solid agar for the detection of bacterial motility. J. Bacteriol. 31, 575.
Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmouqin, F., and Higgins, D.G. 1997. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 4876–4882.
Tominaga, T., An, S.Y., Oyaizu, H., and Yokota, A. 2009. Oceanobacillus soja sp. nov. isolated from soy sauce production equipment in Japan. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 55, 225–232.
Wayne, L.G., Brenner, D.J., Colwell, R.R., Grirnont, P.A.D., Kandler, O., Krichevsky, M.I., Moore, L.H., Moore, W.E.C., Murray, R.G.E., and et al. 1987. International committee on Systematic Bacteriogy. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37, 463–464.
Whon, T.W., Jung, M.J., Roh, S.W., Nam, Y.D., Park, E.J., Shin, K.S., Bae, J.W. 2010. Oceanobacillus kimchii sp. nov. isolated from a traditional Korean fermented food. J. Microbiol. 48, 862–866.
Yoon, J.H., Lee, S.T., and Park, Y.H. 1996. Inter- and intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of the genus Nocardioides and related taxa based on 16S rDNA sequences. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48, 187–194.
Yumoto, I., Hirota, K., Nodasaka, Y., and Nakajima, K. 2005. Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi sp. nov., a halotolerant obligate alkaliphile isolated from the skin of a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and emended description of the genus Oceanobacillus. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55, 1521–1524.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jang, SJ., Kim, YJ., Lee, SH. et al. Oceanobacillus gochujangensis sp. nov., isolated from gochujang a traditional Korean fermented food. J Microbiol. 52, 1050–1055 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4220-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4220-z