Abstract
M-type hexaferrite BaCr x Ga x Fe12−2x O19 (x = 0.2) powders have been synthesized by use of a sol–gel autocombustion method. The powder samples were pressed into 12-mm-diameter pellets by cold isostatic pressing at 2000 bar then heat treated at 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C. X-ray diffraction patterns of the powder sample heat treated at 1000°C confirmed formation of the pure M-type hexaferrite phase. The electrical resistivity at room temperature was significantly enhanced by increasing the temperature of heat treatment and approached 5.84 × 109 Ω cm for the sample heat treated at 1000°C. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent decreased whereas conductivity increased with increasing applied field frequency in the range 1 MHz–3 GHz. The dielectric properties and ac conductivity were explained on the basis of space charge polarization in accordance with the Maxwell–Wagner two-layer model and Koop’s phenomenological theory. The single-phase synthesized materials may be useful for high-frequency applications, for example reduction of eddy current losses and radar absorbing waves.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A.M. Abo El Ata, M.K. El Nimr, D. El Kony, and A.H. AL-Hammad, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 204, 36 (1999).
A. Kale, S. Gubbala, and R.D.K. Misara, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 277, 350 (2004).
C. Kittle, Phys. Rev. 70, 965 (1946).
C.A. Stergiou, I. Manolakis, T.V. Yioultsis, and G. Litsardakis, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322, 1532 (2010).
H. Kojima, Ferromagnetic Materials, Vol. 3, ed. E.P. Wohlfarth (Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1982), p. 305.
L. Junliang, Z. Yanwei, G. Cuijing, Z. Wei, and Y. Xiaowei, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 30, 993 (2010).
N. Rezlescu, C. Doroftei, E. Rezlescu, and P.D. Popa, J. Alloys Compd. 451, 492 (2008).
S. Ounnunkada and P. Winotai, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 301, 292 (2006).
I. Bsoul and S.H. Mahmood, J. Alloys Compd. 489, 110 (2010).
I. Ali, M.U. Islam, M.S. Awan, and M. Ahmad, J. Alloys Compd. 547, 118 (2013).
I. Ali, M.U. Islam, M.S. Awan, and M. Ahmad, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2013). doi:10.1007/s11665-013-0484-4.
I. Ali, M.U. Islam, M.S. Awan, M. Ahmad, M.N. Ashiq, and S. Naseem, J. Alloys Compd. 550, 564 (2013).
K.K. Mallick, P. Shepherd, and R.J. Green, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 27, 2045 (2007).
A. Mali and A. Ataie, Scripta Mater. 53, 1066 (2005).
P. Shepherd, K.K. Mallick, and R.J. Green, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 311, 683 (2007).
J.F. Wang, C.B. Ponton, and I.R. Harris, J. Alloys Compd. 403, 104 (2005).
W. Yongfei, L. Qiaoling, Z. Cunrui, and J. Hongxia, J. Alloys Compd. 467, 284 (2009).
H. Sim, J.M. Xue, and J. Wang, Mater. Lett. 58, 2032 (2004).
S. Che, J. Wang, and Q. Chen, J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 15, L335 (2003).
M. Ahmad, I. Ali, F. Aen, M.U. Islam, M.N. Ashiq, S. Atiq, W. Ahmad, and M.U. Rana, Ceram. Int. 38, 1267 (2012).
H.C. Fang, Z. Yang, C.K. Ong, Y. Lie, and C.S. Wang, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 187, 129 (1998).
S.E. Jacobo, L. Civali, and M.A. Blesa, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 37, 260 (2003).
A.K. Jonscher, Dielectric Relaxation in Solids (London: Chelsea Dielectric Press, 1983).
M.F. Mostafa, M.M. Abd. El Kader, A.S. Atallah, and M.K. El Nimr, Phys. Status Solidi A 135, 549 (1993).
K.M. Batoo, S. Kumar, C.G. Lee, and Alimuddin, J. Curr. Appl. Phys. 9, 826 (2009).
K.C. Kao, Dielectric Phenomena in Solids, Ch. 2 (San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004), p. 51.
N. Gupta, M.C. Dimri, S.C. Kashyap, and D.C. Dube, Ceram. Int. 31, 171 (2005).
M.N. Ashiq, M.J. Iqbal, and I.H. Gul, J. Alloys Compd. 487, 341 (2009).
J. Huang, H. Zhuang, and W.L. Li, Mater. Res. Bull. 38, 149 (2003).
L. Jia, J. Luo, H. Zhang, G. Xue, and Y. Jing, J. Alloys Compd. 489, 162 (2010).
Y.P. Wu, C.K. Ong, Z.W. Li, L. Chen, and G.Q. Lin, J. Appl. Phys. 97, 063909 (2005).
C.G. Koops, Phys. Rev. 83, 121 (1951).
A.M. Shaikh, S.S. Bellard, and B.K. Chougule, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 195, 384 (1999).
I.T. Rabinkin and Z.I. Novikova, Ferrites (Minsk: Izv Acad, Nauk USSR, 1960), p. 146.
S.B. Narang and I.S. Hudiara, J. Ceram. Process. Res. 7, 113 (2006).
R.G. Kharabe, R.S. Devan, C.M. Kanamadi, and B.K. Chougule, Smart Mater. Struct. 15, N36 (2006).
P.V. Reddy, T.S. Rao, and J. Less, Common Metals 86, 255 (1982).
B.K. Kunar and G.P. Srivastava, J. Appl. Phys. 75, 6115 (1994).
M.A. El Hiti, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 192, 305 (1999).
M.B. Reddy and P.V. Reddy, Appl. Phys. (UK) 24, 975 (1991).
S.C. Watawe, B.D. Sarwede, S.S. Bellad, B.D. Sutar, and B.K. Chougule, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 214, 55 (2000).
S.S. Bellad and B.K. Chougule, Mater. Chem. Phys. 66, 58 (2000).
K.P. Padmasree, D.K. Kanchan, and A.R. Kulkarni, Solid State Ion. 177, 475 (2006).
M.J. Iqbal, M.N. Ashiq, and I.H. Gul, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322, 1720 (2010).
R.S. Devan, Y.R. Ma, and B.K. Chougule, Mater. Chem. Phys. 115, 263 (2009).
A. Kumar, B.P. Singh, R.N. Choudhary, P. Awalendra, and K. Thakur, Mater. Chem. Phys. 99, 150 (2006).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ali, I., Islam, M.U., Awan, M.S. et al. Effects of Heat-Treatment Temperature on the Microstructure, Electrical and Dielectric Properties of M-Type Hexaferrites. J. Electron. Mater. 43, 512–521 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-013-2900-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-013-2900-9