Abstract
Literature on electroless Ni-P deposition, in recent decades, has dwelled primarily on surface engineering and corrosion-resistant applications. By contrast, we have many research articles devoted to the engineering aspects of the electroless Ni-P depositions and their technology. The present article deals with the development of electroless Ni-P bath, advantages and mechanisms of deposition, and applications of the Ni-P deposits. We also present a comparison of the properties of electroless Ni-P and Ni-B as well as the recent developments in nickel-phosphorous research. We attempt to review these in a detailed manner. We also briefly discuss the future developments of electroless Ni-P.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
A. Brenner and G.E. Riddell: Proc. Am. Electropl. Soc., 1946, vol. 33, pp. 4–12.
A. Brenner and G.E. Riddell: Proc. Am. Electropol. Soc., 1947, vol. 34, p. 156.
A. Brenner and G.E. Riddell: U.S. Patent no. 21950532, 1950, vol. 2, p. 532.
A. Wurtz: Comp. Rendus Acad. Sci., 1844, vol. 18, p. 702.
P. Bretean: Bull. Soc. Chim., 1911, vol. 9, p. 515.
C. Paal and L. Frederici: Ber. Deutschen Chem. Gesellschaft, 1931, vol. 64B, p. 1766.
R. Scholder and H. Heckal: Z. Unorganische Allgemeine Chemie., 1931, vol. 198, p. 329.
R. Scholder and H.I. Haken: Ber. Deutschen Chem. Gesellschaft, 1931, vol. 64B, p. 2870.
ASTM Publication No. 265, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1959.
F.G. Roux: U.S. Patent no. 119612870, 1961, p. 2870.
X. Kanigen: Bulletin No. 768, General American Transportation Corp, Chicago, IL, 1968.
A. Brenner, D.F. Couch, and E.K. Williams: J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards, 1950, vol. 44, p. 109.
A. Brenner, D.F. Couch, and E.K. Williams: U.S. Patent no. 21953643, 1953, vol. 2, p. 643.
G.O. Mallory and J.B. Hajdu: Electroless Plating: Fundamentals and Applications, AESF, Orlando, FL, 1990.
Metals Handbook, ASM, Metals Park, OH, vol. 2, p. 443.
G. Gutzeit: Electroplating Engineering Handbook, 3rd ed., Van Nostrand, New York, 1968.
J. Hass: Am. Machinist, 1955, vol. 99, p. 158.
J.D. Maclean and S.M. Karten: Plating, 1954, vol. 41, p. 1284.
M.V. Sullivan and J.H. Eigler: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1957, vol. 104, p. 226.
G. Gutzeit and A. Krieg: U.S. Patent no. 21953658, 1953, vol. 2, p. 658.
G. Gutzeit: Met. Progr., 1954, vol. 65, p. 113.
G. Gutzeit: Trans. Inst. Met. Finishing., 1956, vol. 33, p. 383.
G. Gutzeit: Plating, 1959, vol. 46, pp. 860–64.
C.H. Demunjer and A. Brenner: Plating, 1957, vol. 44, p. 1294.
G. Gutzeit and E. Ramirez: U.S. Patent no. 21953658, 1953, vol. 2, p. 658.
G. Gutzeit: U.S. Patent, 1954, vol. 2, p. 694.
G. Gutzeit: U.S. Patent, 1960, vol. 2, p. 935.
P. Talmey and G. Gutzeit: U.S. Patent, 1956, vol. 2, p. 762.
D. Metheny and E. Bronwar: U.S. Patent B, 1958, p. 874.
P. Talmey and G. Gutzeit: U.S. Patent, 1958, vol. 2, p. 847.
K. Murski: Met. Finishing, 1970, vol. 68, p. 36.
A. Brenner: Met. Finishing, 1954, vol. 52, p. 12.
G. Gutzeit and W.J. Crehan: U.S. Patent, 1954, vol. 2, p. 690.
W. Goldie: Metallic Coating of Plastics, Electrochemical Publications Ltd., British Isles, 1968.
G.O. Mallory: Product Finishing, 1979.
H. Brenner and G.E. Riddell: J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards 1960, vol. 39, p. 385.
G. Gutzeit: Plating, 1959, vol. 46, p. 1158.
R.M. Lukes: Plating, 1964, vol. 51, p. 969.
M. Paunovic: Plating Surf. Finishing, 1983, vol. 70, p. 62.
R.W. Duncan and T.L. Arney: Plating Surf. Finishing, 1984, vol. 71, p. 49.
J. Henry: Met. Finishing, 1984, vol. 82, p. 45.
R.M. Hoke: U.S. Patent no. 21961990, 1961, vol. 2, p. 990.
W.J. Cooper: Technical Bull. CCC AB1, Callery Chemical Co., 1968.
T. Berzins: U.S. Patent, 1967, vol. 3338, p. 726.
G.O. Mallory: Plating, 1971, vol. 58, p. 319.
D.W. Bandrand: Plating Surf. Finishing, 1983, vol. 70, p. 24.
E.B. Saubeste: AES Proc., 1959, vol. 46, p. 264.
F. Et Shazly and K.D. Baker: U.S. Patent no. 43371982901, 1982, 4337, p. 901.
F. Pearlstein and R.F. Weightman: Plating, 1974, vol. 61, p. 154.
F. Pearlstein and R.F. Weightman: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1974, vol. 121, p. 1023.
D.J. Levy and D.R. Coranado: Plating, 1967, vol. 54, p. 385.
R.N. Rhoda: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1961, vol. 108, p. 707.
E.L. Gostin and S.D. Swan: U.S. Patent, 1962, 3032, p. 436.
R.N. Duncan and T.L. Arney: U.S. Patent, 1984, vol. 7, p. 49.
R.N. Duncan: Finishing, 1981, vol. 26, p. 5.
W.H. Metzger: Symp. on Electroless Nickel Plating, ASTM STP 256, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, 1959.
K. Parker: Plating Surface Finishing, 1981, vol. 68 (12), p. 71.
D.W. Baudrand: ASM Handbook, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1994, vol. 5, pp. 290–309.
H.S. Patin: Proc. 6th Int. Metal Finishing Trans., 1964, vol. 42, p. 364.
G.G. Gawrilov: Chemical (Electroless) Nickel Plating, Portcullis Press, Redhill, England, 1979.
G.D.R. Jarertt: Industrial Finishing, London, 1996, vol. 18, p. 41.
R.N. Duncan: Corrosion 182, Conf. NACE, Mar. 1982.
J. Christoph et al.: Electroplating of Plastics, Finishing Publications Ltd., 1977, p. 56.
A. Rantell: Product Finishing, 1970, vol. 23, p. 37.
G. Muller: Galvanotechnik, 1963, vol. 54, p. 408.
G. Muller: Galvanotechnik, 1964, vol. 55, p. 311.
C.K. Mital: Trans. SAEST, 1980, vol. 24, p. 10.
I. Rajagopal and S.R. Rajagopalan: Trans. SAEST, 1989, vol. 24, p. 11.
S.K. Narang: Trans. SAEST, 1989, vol. 24, p. 17.
K.N. Srinivasan, M. Selvam, S. Guruviah, and K.I. Vasu: Trans. SAEST, 1989, vol. 24, p. 45.
V.S. Kulkarni: Electroplating and Metal Finishing (National Seminar Proc.), National Productivity Council, India, 1981, vol. 59, pp. 35–44.
S.-L. Wang: Surf. Coating Technol., 2004, vol. 186, pp. 372–76.
T.-K. Tsai, C.-C. Chuang, C.-G. Chao, and W.-L. Liu: Diamond Relat. Mater., 2003, vol. 12, pp. 1453–59.
M.-D. Ger, Y.S., and J.-L. Ou: Mater. Chem. Phys., 2005, vol. 89, pp. 383–89.
Y. Liu and Q. Zhao: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2004, vol. 228, pp. 57–62.
N. Khoperia: Microelectron. Eng., 2003, vol. 69, pp. 384–90.
K. Hiratsuka, Y. Abe, and S. Kawashima: Wear, 2003, vol. 255, pp. 910–16.
W.J. Cheonga, L. Ben, X. Luana, and D.W. Shoesmitha: Appl. Surf. Sci., 2004, vol. 229, pp. 282–300.
Q. Zhang, M. Wu, and W. Zhao: Surf. Coating Technol., 2005, vol. 192, pp. 213–19.
C.-Y. Huang, W.-W. Mo, and M.-L. Roan: Surf. Coating Technol., 2004, vol. 184, pp. 163–69.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Krishnan, K.H., John, S., Srinivasan, K.N. et al. An overall aspect of electroless Ni-P depositions—A review article. Metall Mater Trans A 37, 1917–1926 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-0134-7
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-0134-7