Abstract
The effect of alloying elements, Nb and Mn on massive transformation in Ti-45 Al based alloys was studied. The alloy samples were heat treated at 1350 °C for 30 minutes and subsequently cooled to room temperature by furnace cooling, air cooling, and water quenching. The microstructural evolution in various alloys was investigated by a detailed microstructural characterization of the heat-treated samples by optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. It was observed that the volume fraction of the massively transformed gamma in water-quenched samples increased from nil in the Mn-free alloy to ∼70 pct in the alloy containing 2 at. pct Mn. Nb had a minimal effect on the extent of transformation. The effects of Nb and Mn have been rationalized on the basis of the site occupancy of the alloying elements and their possible influence on the phase boundaries and grain size. An attempt has also been made to elucidate the mechanism of massive transformation in these alloys. Based on the results obtained, the influence of Mn and Nb on the kinetics of massive transformation is presented and discussed and, the CCT diagrams for different alloys used in this study are proposed.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Y.W. Kim: JOM, 1994, vol. 46 (7), pp. 30–39.
Y.W. Kim and D.M. Dimiduk: in Structural Intermetallics, M.V. Nathal et al. eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1997, pp. 531–43.
Y.W. Kim: Intermetallics, 1998, vol. 6 (7–8), pp. 623–28.
C.M. Austin, T.J. Kelly, K.G. McAllister, and J.C. Chesnutt: in Structural Intermetallics, M.V. Nathal et al., eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1997, pp. 413–25.
S.C. Huang and J.C. Chesnutt: in Intermetallic Compounds, Practice, J.H. Westbrook and R.L. Fleischer, eds., John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York, NY, 1994, vol. 2, pp. 73–90.
P. Wang, G.B. Viswanathan, and V.K. Vasudevan: Metall. Trans. A, 1992, vol. 23A, pp. 690–97.
P. Wang and V.K. Vasudevan: Scripta Metall. Mater., 1992, vol. 27, pp. 89–94.
A. Denquin and S. Naka: Acta Mater., 1996, vol. 4 (1), pp. 353–65.
E. Abe, T. Kumagai, and M. Nakamura: in Structural Intermetallics, M.V. Nathal et al., eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1997, pp. 167–75.
M.C. Chaturvedi, N.L. Richards, and Q. Xu: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1997, vols. A239–A240, pp. 605–12.
Q. Xu, M.C. Chaturvedi, and N.L. Richards: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1999, vol. 30A, pp. 1717–26.
X.D. Zhang, T.A. Dean, and M.H. Loretto: Acta Mater., 1994, vol. 42 (6), pp. 2035–42.
D. Veeraraghavan and V.K. Vasudevan: in Gamma Titanium Aluminides, Y.W. Kim, R. Wagner, and M. Yamaguchi, eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1995, pp. 157–64.
Y. Yamabe, M. Takeyama, and M. Kikuchi: in Gamma Titanium Aluminides, Y.W. Kim, R. Wagner, and M. Yamaguchi, eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1995, pp. 111–29.
D. Zhang, S. Godfrey, M. Weaver, M. Strangwood, P. Threadgill, M.J. Kaufman, and M.H. Loretto: Acta Mater., 1996, vol. 44 (9), pp. 3723–34.
T. Kumagai, E. Abe, M. Takeyama, and M. Nakamura: Scripta Metall. Mater., 1997, vol. 36 (5), pp. 523–29.
P. Wang, M. Kumar, D. Veeraraghavan, and V.K. Vasudevan: Acta Mater., 1998, vol. 46 (1), pp. 13–30.
D. Veeraraghavan, P. Wang, and V.K. Vasudevan: Acta Mater., 1999, vol. 47 (11), pp. 3313–30.
U. Prasad, Q. Xu, and M.C. Chaturvedi: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2002, vols. A329-A331, pp. 906–13.
U. Prasad, Q. Xu, and M.C. Chaturvedi: in Structural Intermetallics, K.J. Hemker et al., eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2001, pp. 615–22.
G. Petzow and G. Effenberg, eds., A Comprehensive Compendium of Evaluated Constitutional Data and Phase Diagram, vol. 7 VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Germany.
D.G. Konitzer, I.P. Jones, and H.L. Fraser: Scripta Metall., 1986, vol. 20 (2), pp. 265–68.
E. Mohandas and P.A. Beaven: Scripta Metall., 1991, vol. 25, pp. 2023–27.
Y.L. Hao, D.S. Xu, Y.Y. Cui, R. Yang, and D. Li: Acta Mater., 1999, vol. 47 (4), pp. 1129–39.
Y.L. Hao, R. Yang, Y.Y. Cui and D. Li: Acta Mater., 2000, vol. 48, pp. 1313–24.
C. Woodward, S.A. Kajihara, S.I. Rao, and D.M. Dimiduk: in Gamma Titanium Aluminides, Y.W. Kim, D.M. Dimiduk, and M.H. Loretto, eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1999, pp. 49–58.
S.A. Jones and M.J. Kaufman: Acta Metall., 1993, vol. 41 (2), pp. 387–98.
W.J. Zhang, G.L. Chen, and E. Evangelista: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1999, vol. 30A, pp. 2591–98.
M. Morinaga, J. Saito, N. Yukawa, and H. Adachi: Acta Metall., 1990, vol. 38 (1), pp. 25–29.
S.G. Pyo and N.J. Kim: in Gamma Titanium Aluminides, Y.W. Kim, R. Wagner, and M. Yamaguchi, eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1995, pp. 779–86.
J.E. Wittig: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2002, vol. 30A, pp. 2373–79.
J.H. Perepezko: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1984, vol. 15A, pp. 437–47.
T.B. Massalski: Metall. Trans. A, 1984, vol. 15A, pp. 421–25.
J.G. Lin, C.E. Wen, Y.G. Zhang, and C.Q. Chen: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1999, vol. 18, pp. 927–29.
J.F. Nie, B.C. Muddle, T. Furuhara, and H.I. Aaronson: Scripta Metall. Mater., 1998, vol. 39 (4–5), pp. 637–45.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Fundamentals of Structural Intermetallics,” presented at the 2002 TMS Annual Meeting, February 21–27, 2002, in Seattle, Washington, under the auspices of the ASM and TMS Joint Committee on Mechanical Behavior of Materials.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Prasad, U., Chaturvedi, M.C. Influence of alloying elements on the kinetics of massive transformation in gamma titanium aluminides. Metall Mater Trans A 34, 2053–2066 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0270-2
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-003-0270-2