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Effects of livestock exclusion and climate change on aboveground biomass accumulation in alpine pastures across the Northern Tibetan Plateau

  • Article
  • Ecology
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Chinese Science Bulletin

Abstract

To better understand the ecological and economic benefits of short-term grazing exclusion on the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of alpine pastures, we conducted annual multi-site transect surveys in the summers from 2009 to 2011 and calculated the aboveground biomass discrepancy (ABD) between grazed and ungrazed pastures at plant community and economic group levels for three zonal alpine grassland types—meadow, steppe, and desert-steppe—across the northern Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicated that aboveground biomass (AGB) significantly differed among grassland types and declined northwesterly from 64.07 to 11.44 g m−2 with decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature. The mean ABD exhibited considerable community dependency, with meadow (12.47 g m−2) > steppe (6.91 g m−2) > desert steppe (2.54 g m−2), and it declined from 25.42 to 1.29 g m−2 with decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature. ‘Good forage’, i.e. grasses and sedges, benefited most from grazing exclusion, followed by edible forbs. With longer grazing exclusion durations (GEDs), the aboveground biomass of poisonous locoweeds initially decreased and then increased compared with the adjacent grazed sites. In the nested analysis of co-variances with a general linear model, growing season precipitation (GSP; from May to September) accounted for 52.67% of the observed variation in AGB, followed by AGT (9.77 %) and pasture management systems (PMSs; grazing or grazing-excluded, 5.31 %). The variation in ABD was explained primarily by AGT (16.52 %), GED (20.25 %), and the interaction of AGT × GED (19.58 %). Our results confirm that precipitation is the primary factor controlling the ANPP of alpine grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau and that the ecological benefits arising from grazing exclusion are also partly dependent on grassland type and exclusion duration. Therefore, spatial and temporal variations in growing season precipitation and plant functional traits or economic group composition should be jointly considered when developing policies concerning the management and spatial layouts of grazing exclosures in this region.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171044), Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB03030401 & KZCXZ-XB3-08), and by a General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2013M530716).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Jianshuang Wu, Xianzhou Zhang, Zhenxi Shen, Peili Shi, Chengqun Yu & Baoxiong Chen

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Baoxiong Chen

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  1. Jianshuang Wu
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  2. Xianzhou Zhang
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  3. Zhenxi Shen
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Correspondence to Xianzhou Zhang.

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Wu, J., Zhang, X., Shen, Z. et al. Effects of livestock exclusion and climate change on aboveground biomass accumulation in alpine pastures across the Northern Tibetan Plateau. Chin. Sci. Bull. 59, 4332–4340 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-014-0362-y

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